The mRNA expression profile of glycine receptor subunits alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 4 and beta in female and male mice.

Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride-selective channels that control excitability in the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we have investigated the mRNA expression of the glycine receptor alpha 1 (Glra1), alpha 2 (Glra2), alpha 4 (Glra4) and the beta (Glrb) subunits, in adult female and male mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing data re-analysis of the Zeisel et al.

Effect of nicotinamide riboside on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, incurable disease associated with smoking and advanced age, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide. DNA damage and loss of the central metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) may contribute to both aging and COPD, presenting a potential avenue for interventions. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we treated patients with stable COPD (n = 40) with the NAD precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) for 6 weeks and followed-up 12 weeks later.

Spinal Glycine Receptor Alpha 3 Cells Communicate Sensations of Chemical Itch in Hairy Skin.

Glycinergic neurons regulate nociceptive and pruriceptive signaling in the spinal cord, but the identity and role of the glycine-regulated neurons are not fully known. Herein, we have characterized spinal glycine receptor alpha 3 () subunit-expressing neurons in -Cre female and male mice. -Cre(+) neurons express , are located mainly in laminae III-VI, and respond to glycine.

Airway hyperresponsiveness correlates with airway TSLP in asthma independent of eosinophilic inflammation.

Background: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is released from the airway epithelium in response to various environmental triggers, inducing a type-2 inflammatory response, and is associated with airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and exacerbations. TSLP may also induce AHR via a direct effect on airway smooth muscle and mast cells, independently of type-2 inflammation, although association between airway TSLP and AHR across asthma phenotypes has been described sparsely.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the association between AHR and levels of TSLP in serum, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with asthma with and without type-2 inflammation.

Allergen Immunotherapy Enhances Airway Epithelial Antiviral Immunity in Patients with Allergic Asthma (VITAL Study): A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Allergic asthma is linked to impaired bronchial epithelial secretion of IFNs, which may be causally linked to the increased risk of viral exacerbations. We have previously shown that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) effectively reduces asthma exacerbations and prevents respiratory infections requiring antibiotics; however, whether AIT alters antiviral immunity is still unknown. To investigate the effect of house dust mite sublingual AIT (HDM-SLIT) on bronchial epithelial antiviral and inflammatory responses in patients with allergic asthma.

Insights into the present and future of cartilage regeneration and joint repair.

Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems. Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible cures.

Women's experiences of the injury, recovery and desire for rehabilitation after a second-degree vaginal tear-a qualitative study.

Introduction And Hyposthesis: Eighty-five percent of all vaginal deliveries cause some form of obstetric tear injury. To our knowledge, there are no studies exploring experiences after second-degree tear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the experiences of a second-degree vaginal tear regarding aspects of the recovery and need for healthcare and rehabilitation.

An in-well direct lysis method for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by real time RT-PCR in eSwab specimens.

Background: Diagnostic real time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) is usually done using nucleic acid (NA) purified from the sample. In the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reagents and utensils for NA purification has been in short supply. This has generated interest in methods that eliminate the need for NA purification.

Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into definitive endoderm on Activin A-functionalized gradient surfaces.

Activin A plays a central role in the differentiation of stem cells into definitive endoderm, the first step in embryonic development and function development in many organ systems. The aims of this study were to induce controlled and fine-tuned cell differentiation using a gradient nanotechnology and compare this with a classic protocol and to investigate how induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated depending on the gradual increase of Activin A. The density difference was tested by attaching Activin A to a gold nanoparticle gradient for high-precision density continuity.

GDF5 induces TBX3 in a concentration dependent manner - on a gold nanoparticle gradient.

Organs and tissues, such as cartilage and limbs, are formed during development through an orchestration of growth factors that function as morphogens. Examples of growth factors include growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and transforming growth factors beta 1 and 3 (TGFβ-1 and TGFβ-3) which can specify creation of more than one cell type after forming a concentration gradient . Here, we studied the impact of morphogen gradients during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into the chondrocyte lineage.

Homocysteine levels and lacunar brain infarcts in elderly women: the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg.

Objectives: To examine whether total serum homocysteine (tHcy) in a population-based sample of middle-aged women is an independent risk factor for presence of lacunar infarcts (LIs) 24 years later.

Design: Prospective population study, follow-up time 24 years.

Setting: Gothenburg, an urban area in western Sweden.

Clinical evaluation of the zygoma implant: 3-year follow-up at 16 clinics.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the treatment outcome with zygoma implants with regard to implant survival, patient satisfaction, and function of prosthesis replacement after 3 years.

Patients And Methods: The treatment outcome of 76 patients treated with 145 zygoma fixtures at 16 centers was evaluated with regard to implant survival. Status of peri-implant mucosa and amount of plaque were registered annually.

Bromide does not bind to the Mn4Ca complex in its S1 state in Cl(-)-depleted and Br(-)-reconstituted oxygen-evolving photosystem II: evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Br K-edge.

Chloride is an important cofactor in photosynthetic water oxidation. It can be replaced by bromide with retention of the oxygen-evolving activity of photosystem II (PSII). Binding of bromide to the Mn(4)Ca complex of PSII in its dark-stable S(1) state was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Br K-edge in Cl(-)-depleted and Br(-)-substituted PSII membrane particles from spinach.

High-grade astrocytoma treated concomitantly with estramustine and radiotherapy.

Experimental and early clinical investigations have demonstrated encouraging results for estramustine in the treatment of malignant glioma. The present study is an open randomized clinical trial comparing estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) in addition to radiotherapy with radiotherapy alone as first line treatment of astrocytoma grade III and IV. The 140 patients included were in a good clinical condition with a median age of 55 years (range 22-87).

Characterization of a semi-stable, charge-separated state in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

In reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, subjected to continuous illumination in the presence of an inhibitor of the Q(A) to Q(B) electron transfer, the oxidation of P870 consisted of several kinetic phases with a fast initial reaction followed by very slow accumulation of P870(+) with a halftime of several minutes. When the light was turned off, a phase of fast charge recombination was followed by an equally slow reduction of P870(+). In reaction centers depleted of Q(B), where forward electron transfer from Q(A) is also prevented, the slow reactions were also observed but with different kinetic properties.

Conformational regulation of charge recombination reactions in a photosynthetic bacterial reaction center.

In bright light the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides stabilizes the P(+)(870).Q(-)(A) charge-separated state and thereby minimizes the potentially harmful effects of light saturation. Using X-ray diffraction we report a conformational change that occurs within the cytoplasmic domain of this RC in response to prolonged illumination with bright light.

A clinical evaluation of the Zygoma fixture: one year of follow-up at 16 clinics.

Purpose: To evaluate treatment outcome with Zygoma fixtures (Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) with regard to fixture survival, patient satisfaction, and function of prosthesis replacement.

Materials And Methods: The treatment outcome of 76 patients treated with 145 Zygoma fixtures at 16 centers was evaluated. Patient's and dentist's evaluations of the functional and aesthetic outcome of the treatment were assessed at delivery of prosthesis and at the 1-year follow-up visit.

Basal ganglia calcification and psychotic symptoms in the very old.

Background: Basal ganglia calcification (BGC) is associated with psychotic symptoms in young and middle-aged patient samples.

Methods: We studied the cross-sectional relationship between psychotic symptoms and BGC in a population sample of non-demented 85-year-olds, of whom 86 were mentally healthy, 11 had hallucinations or delusions, 21 had mood disorders and 20 had anxiety disorders. BGC was measured using computerized tomography (CT).

Spectroscopic characterization of a semi-stable, charge-separated state in Cu(2+)-substituted reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

In reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides exposed to continuous illumination in the presence of an inhibitor of the Q(A)(-) to Q(B) electron transfer, a semi-stable, charge-separated state was formed with halftimes of formation and decay of several minutes. When the non-heme iron was replaced by Cu(2+), the decay of the semi-stable, charge-separated state became much slower than in centers with bound Fe(2+) with about the same rate constant for formation. In Cu(2+)-substituted reaction centers, the semi-stable state was associated with an EPR signal, significantly different from that observed after chemical reduction of the acceptor-side quinone or after illumination at low temperature, but similar to that of an isolated Cu(2+) in the absence of magnetic interaction.

Lipidic cubic phase crystal structure of the photosynthetic reaction centre from Rhodobacter sphaeroides at 2.35A resolution.

Well-ordered crystals of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centre from Rhodobacter sphaeroides were grown from a lipidic cubic phase. Here, we report the type I crystal packing that results from this crystallisation medium, for which 3D crystals grow as stacked 2D crystals, and the reaction centre X-ray structure is refined to 2.35A resolution.

The function of the chloride ion in photosynthetic oxygen evolution.

The involvement of Cl(-) and several other monovalent anions in photosynthetic oxygen evolution was studied using photosystem II membranes depleted of Cl(-) by dialysis. The results of these studies differ significantly from results obtained using other depletion methods. Binding studies with glycerol as a cryoprotectant confirm our previous observations with sucrose of two interconvertible binding states of photosystem II with similar activities and with slow or fast exchange, respectively, of the bound ion.

A population-based study on brain atrophy and motor performance in elderly women.

Background: Brain atrophy is a common neuroimaging finding in healthy elderly individuals as well as in patients with movement-related disorders. The relationship between brain atrophy and motor changes has not been frequently reported. This study investigates this relationship.

Oral implant rehabilitation in irradiated patients without adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen.

In 15 patients treated for malignant tumors in the maxillofacial region, 90 Brånemark implants have been placed in irradiated alveolar bone without adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Seventy-eight implants were placed in the mandible and 12 in the maxilla. After a follow-up period of 1 to 8 years, 88 implants are still stable, 27 after 6 to 8 years, 44 after 3 to 4 years, and 17 after 1 to 2 years.

A population-based study on blood pressure and brain atrophy in 85-year-olds.

In the general population, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases up to age 75 years but decreases thereafter. The brain has a role in blood pressure regulation; it is not clear whether the cerebral changes that occur with aging contribute to the decline in blood pressure in the very elderly. We examined a population-based sample of 484 85-year-old persons (344 nondemented and 140 demented, 61 with Alzheimer's disease, 65 with vascular dementia, and 14 with other types of dementia) with a neuropsychiatric examination and blood pressure measurements.