Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the humeral shaft with regard to adjacent anatomical characteristics.

The study goal was to evaluate the distances from the radial (RN), the musculocutaneous (MN) and axillary nerves (AN) and the medial neurovascular bundle of the upper arm to a minimally invasive applied plate and to define its relation to the RN during different degrees of malrotation during MIPO. The sample involved ten upper extremities. Application of a PHILOS plate was performed through a Delta-split.

Projection of the A1-Pulley of the Thumb onto Superficial Anatomical Landmarks: An Anatomical Study and a Useful Guide to Surgeons.

Background: The aim of our study was to project the A1-pulley of the thumb onto the total thumb length to enable its complete division with and without direct sight.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 50 hands from adult human cadavers. The proximal and distal borders of the A1-pulley were measured with reference to the first metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ).

Definition of a Risk Zone for the Axillary Nerve Based on Superficial Landmarks.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the axillary nerve's location along superficial anatomical landmarks, and to define a convenient risk zone.

Methods: A total of 123 upper extremities were evaluated. After dissection of the axillary nerve, the vertical distance between the upper border of the anterolateral edge of the acromion and the proximal border of the nerve was measured.

Morphology of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve with Regard to Entrapment Syndrome.

Background: Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) entrapment syndrome is a rare condition and is predisposed by anatomical factors such as narrow passages through fibrous arcades; whereas, the Arcade of Frohse (AF) is the most common entrapment point. The aim of this study was to evaluate the entrance and exit points of the PIN into the supinator in detail.

Materials And Methods: One hundred unpaired upper extremities underwent dissection.

The articular branch of the peroneal nerve to the proximal tibiofibular joint descends at a mean height of approximately 18 mm distal to the postero-lateral tip of the fibular head.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomical details of the articular branch of the peroneal nerve to the proximal tibiofibular joint and to project the height of its descent in relation to the fibular length.

Methods: Twenty-five lower extremities were included in the study. Following identification of the common peroneal nerve, its course was traced to its division into the deep and superficial peroneal nerve.

Successful reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament: assessment of posterior cruciate ligament footprints using an objective coordinate system.

Introduction: Anatomic cruciate ligament reconstruction is known to be correlated with better clinical results. The aim of the study was to provide a simple method to enable anatomic results in the setting of PCL reconstruction. We, therefore, assessed the tibial and femoral insertion site of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) by the use of an objective coordinate system in an anatomical study.

Axillary nerve elongation in humeral fracture plating: A cadaveric study for comparison between straight and helical Philos plates.

Unlabelled: Helical plating is a known concept in humeral fracture treatment. Attention should be paid to the axillary nerve when inserting a plate underneath the deltoid muscle. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to estimate axillary nerve stretching when introducing the plate.

The sigmoidea ima artery: A player in colonic ischemia?

Introduction: The sigmoidea ima artery is defined as the lowest sigmoid artery, which forms the distal end of the marginal artery by linking with the superior rectal artery. It supplies the rectosigmoid junction, which is a critical area for ischemia. The aim of the present study was to delineate the area supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery with special consideration of the sigmoidea ima artery.

The Important Relationship Between the Radial Artery's Course and the Radius during Henry's Anterior Forearm Surgical Exposure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the intersection point of the radial artery (RA) with Henry's approach. Ninety forearms from adult human cadavers which had been embalmed using Thiel's method underwent dissection. Henry's approach was performed alongside the whole length of the forearm, and the RAs course was investigated.

Success Rate in Puncture of the Temporomandibular Joint.

Puncture of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a minimally invasive treatment for various jaw disorders. This study used a cadaveric model to evaluate the procedure from two entrance points with respect to hit ratio and possible complications, such as extraarticular extrusion of injection fluid. Ten heads, embalmed with Thiel's method, were investigated.

Correlation Analysis of the Anterolateral Ligament Length with the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Length and Patient's Height: An Anatomical Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of the anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) with the focus on potential gender differences. The ALL length and the length of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were taken in extension. The length of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was measured at 120° flexion.

Anatomy of the Le Fort I segment: Are arterial variations a potential risk factor for avascular bone necrosis in Le Fort I osteotomies?

Purpose: Osteotomies of the Le Fort I segment are routine operations with low complication rates. Ischemic complications are rare, but can have severe consequences that may lead to avascular bone necrosis of the Le Fort I segment. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the blood supply and special arterial variants of the Le Fort I segment responsible for arterial hypoperfusion or ischemic avascular necrosis after surgery.

Safe zone for the posterior interosseous nerve with regard to the lateral and posterior approaches to the proximal radius.

Purpose: The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is at risk during the posterior and lateral approaches to the proximal radius. We aimed to define a safe zone for these approaches to avoid injury of the PIN and to evaluate their close and changing relationship to the nerve during forearm rotation.

Methods: The study collective consisted of 50 upper limbs.

Avoiding radial nerve palsy in proximal radius shaft plating - a cadaver study.

Background: Opinions vary concerning the position of forearm rotation during detachment of the supinator in radial nerve palsy Henry's and Thompson's approaches.

Purpose: To define the optimal forearm position for a safe detachment of the supinator during these approaches and to clarify their close relationship to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN).

Methods: The study sample comprised 90 upper extremities of 45 human adult cadavers, embalmed using Thiel's method.

Prevalence of the distal oblique bundle of the interosseous membrane of the forearm: an anatomical study.

A study was undertaken to examine the presence of the distal oblique bundle of the forearm in a large sample in order to describe its true prevalence. The study sample consisted of 200 cadaveric forearms. Fifteen were excluded due to defects in the distal interosseous membrane.

Location of the extraosseous and intraosseous arterial anastomosis of the maxillary sinus in edentulous specimens.

Objectives: The aim of this anatomical study was to measure the distance from the intraosseous and extraosseous arterial anastomoses of the maxillary sinus to the alveolar ridge in edentulous specimens dissected from human cadavers.

Materials And Methods: Forty edentulous maxillary specimens were dissected, anatomically prepared, and injected for a better visualization of the maxillary sinus artery.

Results: This study showed that the mean distance from the alveolar ridge to the extraosseous anastomosis was 16 mm for the second maxillary molar, 12 mm for the first maxillary molar, and 13 mm for the second maxillary premolar.

Position of the mental foramen in Kosovarian population.

The aim of this study was to determine the position, shape, number and radiographic appearance of the mental foramen in a selected Kosovarian population. Five hundred panoramic radiographs of dental Kosovarian patients were selected and analyzed according to the mental foramen position, shape, radiographic appearance, number and symmetry. The mean distance in the horizontal plane of the mental foramen to the posterior border of the mandibular ramus was 67.

Arterial blood architecture of the maxillary sinus in dentate specimens.

Aim: To describe vascular anatomy of the maxillary sinus in dentate specimens dissected from human cadavers.

Methods: Twenty dentate maxillary specimens were dissected, anatomically prepared, and injected with liquid latex for a better visualization of the maxillary sinus artery.

Results: We found an intraosseous anastomosis in 100% and an extraosseous anastomosis in 90% of the cases.

Human cadaver study evaluating a new measurement technique for graft volumes after sinus floor elevation.

Purpose: Volumetric data can be used as complementary information to characterize grafting materials. The aim of this cadaveric study was to analyze a noncommercial measurement technique based on the novel concept of an "interactive rigid registration algorithm" (IRRA). Parameters analyzed included the reproducibility of IRRA measurements and their reliability in comparison with the established measurement technique of "region growing segmentation thresholding" (RGST).

Distribution of RoekoSeal sealer applied by three obturation techniques.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of Roekoseal Automix sealer using three different obturation techniques. Forty-five single-rooted extracted human teeth were prepared in a crown-down manner using ProFile instruments. After instrumentation the specimens were filled using Roekoseal Automix with the cold lateral condensation, Thermafil and Obtura II techniques.

Position of the mental foramen: an anatomical study.

Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is very important during all surgical procedures and it needs to be considered before all surgical procedures in the mandible region. The aim of this study was to determine the position of the mental foramen in the dissected human cadaver specimens. Four hundred hemimandible specimens from human cadavers were dissected and analyzed for the position of the mental foramen.

The risk injury to the posterior interosseous nerve in standard approaches to the proximal radius: a cadaver study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide guidance on the safe zones for the exposure of the proximal radius by measuring the distance from the PIN to various anatomical landmarks in the proximal forearm in pronation and supination.

Methods: Twenty cadaveric arms were used for this study. On the anterior aspect of the forearm, the distance between insertion of the biceps tendon and the arcade of Frohse as well as the shortest distance between the PIN and the ulnar aspect of the radial neck were measured.

Histology and intramandibular course of the inferior alveolar nerve.

The morphology of the inferior alveolar nerve is a very important factor for all surgical procedures in the mandibular region. The aim of this anatomical and histological study was to describe the intramandibular course and the microscopic histology of the inferior alveolar nerve in the dissected human cadaver. Twenty partially dentulous hemimandible specimens from human cadavers were dissected and embalmed, and the findings were interpreted by standard and histological imaging.

Histotopographic study of the fibroadipose connective cheek system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). Eight embalmed cadavers were analyzed: one side of the face was macroscopically dissected; on the other side, full-thickness samples of the parotid, zygomatic, nasolabial fold and buccal regions were taken. In all specimens, a laminar connective tissue layer (SMAS) bounding two different fibroadipose connective layers was identified.

Apical capping as a new technique for retrograde treatment of an infected root apex: introduction and first results.

Introduction: The success rate of surgical retrograde treatment of an infected root apex is limited by the existence of infected side canals which are not treatable by conventional retrograde preparation and filling techniques. This experimental study introduces a new technique of retrograde apex preparation followed by covering the apex with a titanium cap.

Material And Methods: In 10 extracted canines, retrograde circular preparation of the root apex was performed using a new ultrasonic preparation tip and a high-power ultrasound machine.