Pulmonary fibrosis in youth treated with radioiodine for juvenile thyroid cancer and lung metastases after Chernobyl.

Purpose: The objective of this project was to systematically determine the prevalence and consequences of pulmonary fibrosis in youth with thyroid carcinoma and lung metastases from Belarus who were treated with radioiodine ((131)I).

Methods: A total of 69 patients treated for juvenile thyroid carcinoma and lung metastasis with (131)I were assessed. A group of 29 patients without lung metastases and prior (131)I treatment served as controls.

Saethre-Chotzen syndrome caused by TWIST 1 gene mutations: functional differentiation from Muenke coronal synostosis syndrome.

The Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome with uni- or bilateral coronal synostosis and mild limb deformities. It is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the TWIST 1 gene. In an attempt to delineate functional features separating SCS from Muenke's syndrome, we screened patients presenting with coronal suture synostosis for mutations in the TWIST 1 gene, and for the Pro250Arg mutation in FGFR3.

Oxygen uptake kinetics are slowed in cystic fibrosis.

Purpose: There are conflicting reports on the kinetics of oxygen uptake at the onset of exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective of the present study was, therefore, to compare oxygen uptake (VO(2) kinetics in patients with CF with those of healthy controls (CON).

Methods: Eighteen CF patients (FEV1 37-98% predicted) and 15 CON aged 10-33 yr completed two to four transitions from low-intensity cycling (stage 1, 20 W) to cycling at 1.

Diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux with low-dose contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound imaging.

Background: Harmonic US imaging has been shown to be better than conventional US for the detection and visualisation of microbubbles in contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (VUS).

Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of VUS using a reduced dose of the US contrast medium in comparison to voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-five children (17 boys, 38 girls; mean age 4 years) were recruited.

Intrarenal reflux: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced harmonic US.

The objective of this case report is to demonstrate the possibility of visualizing intrarenal reflux (IRR) in children using contrast-enhanced harmonic voiding urosonography (VUS). A 10-month-old girl underwent VUS as part of the work-up of acute pyelonephritis of the right kidney. Before and after intravesical administration of US contrast medium (Levovist) the urinary tract was scanned in harmonic imaging mode.

Fibrosing mediastinitis with superior vena cava obstruction as the initial presentation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in a young child.

We present a 2-year-old girl with an unusual presentation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). Five months prior to admission to our hospital, she received IV steroids for bronchial obstruction. On admission, clinical signs of SVC obstruction were evident and a mediastinal mass was evident on the chest radiograph and MRI.

Diagnostic imaging of vesicoureteral reflux.

The diagnostic imaging modalities for vesicoureteral reflux in children comprise both radiologic and sonographic methods. The radiologic methods are voiding cystourethrography and radionuclide cystography. Voiding cystourethrography is the commonest imaging modality for reflux.

Ultrasound and MRI features of pyomyositis in children.

Pyomyositis (PM) is an infectious disease of the skeletal muscle with a wide range of symptoms such as pain, fever or swelling, and is predominantly found in the tropics. In recent years PM has increasingly been diagnosed in Europe and in the U.S.

The pattern of skeletal anomalies in the cervical spine, hands and feet in patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and Muenke-type mutation.

Background: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) and Muenke-type mutation (MTM) are complex syndromes with craniosynostosis and skeletal anomalies including syndactyly, carpal and tarsal fusions, and cervical spine abnormalities.

Objective: In this study, we analysed radiographs of the cervical spine, hands and feet of a large patient population with genetically proven SCS and MTM. The aim was to describe the pattern of skeletal anomalies and to determine whether specific features are present that could help differentiate between the two entities.

Bilateral cystic adenomatoid lung malformation type III--a rare differential diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in neonates.

Unlabelled: Congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation (CCAM) is a rare disorder characterized by replacement of normal pulmonary tissue with cysts of variable size and distribution. Only sporadic cases of CCAM type III have been described that were stillborn or died in the early neonatal period. To our best knowledge we report the first infant with bilateral CCAM type III that was not ventilator-dependent for the first 10 weeks of life and survived until the age of 5 months.

B-Cell lymphoproliferative disorder not associated with Epstein-Barr Virus in a child with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is described in only a few children receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In all of them, an association between LPD and EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) was found. We report on a patient who developed LPD not associated with EBV while receiving chemotherapy for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised children.

Unlabelled: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a serious life-threatening complication in immunocompromised children. The commonest risk groups are children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, leukaemia, corticosteroid and other immunosuppressive therapy, chronic granulomatous disease and severe combined immunodeficiency as well as neonates. The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and many organ systems can be involved.