In vitro metabolism of tebuconazole, flurtamone, fenhexamid, metalaxyl-M and spirodiclofen in Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) callus cultures.

Background: Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is a medicinal plant producing various cannabinoids. Its consumption is legalized for medical use due to the alleged positive health effects of these cannabinoids.

Evaluation of Callus Cultures to Elucidate the Metabolism of Tebuconazole, Flurtamone, Fenhexamid, and Metalaxyl-M in L., (L.) Merr., L., and L.

Plant cell cultures can be used to identify the metabolic degradation of pesticides in crops. Therefore, L., (L.

Photodegradation and volatility of pesticides: chamber experiments.

Background And Objectives: Among the factors affecting the environmental fate of surface-applied pesticides several biological as well as abiotic factors, such as volatilization and photochemical transformations are of particular interest. Whereas reliable measurement methods and models for estimating direct photodegradation are already available for the compartments of water and atmosphere and individual subprocesses have already been described in detail, there is still a need for further elucidation concerning the key processes of heterogeneous photodegradation of environmental chemicals on surfaces.

Methods: In order to systematically examine the direct and indirect photodegradation of 14C-labeled pesticides on various surfaces and their volatilization behavior, a new laboratory device ('photovolatility chamber') was designed according to US EPA Guideline 161-3.