Comparing an Advanced Monofocal With a Non-diffractive Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens Using a Mini-Monovision Approach.

Purpose: To compare interindividual differences in visual performance of an advanced monofocal with a nondiffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens (IOL) using a mini-monovision approach.

Design: Single-center, randomized, controlled, double-masked study.

Methods: In total, 48 patients (96 eyes) with bilateral age-related cataract were enrolled.

Changes of Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers after Peeling of Epiretinal Membranes.

Introduction: Several optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers for postsurgical success among patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling have been described in the past. The aim of this study was to examine the remission of OCT biomarkers in patients with iERM after pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling 3 months and 1 year after surgery.

Methods: This prospective study included patients scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling for iERM.

Comparison of two digital alignment systems for toric intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To compare the two most used digital alignment systems regarding precision, repeatability and loss of track.

Methods: 15 eyes of 15 patients older than 21 years with cataracts were included in this prospective study. The two systems were intraoperatively superimposed and recorded, and the alignment of the two displayed alignment axes was analysed regarding precision, repeatability and loss of track.

Comparison of rebubbling rate between preloaded endothelium-in and preloaded no-touch endothelium-out Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty transplantation.

Background: To compare the difference in rebubbling rates between patients undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with endothelium-in using a standard IOL cartridge and those with endothelium-out DMEK utilizing a no-touch technique with borosilicate glass cartridge transplantation.

Methods: This retrospective study included all eyes that underwent preloaded endothelium-in or endothelium-out DMEK transplantation from June 2019 to December 2023 at the Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria. All DMEKs were harvested, prepared and preloaded at the European Eye Bank of Venice, Italy.

Safety and Tolerability of KIO-101 Eye Drops in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Ocular Surface Disease-A Phase I Study.

Purpose: Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) have been found to be potent anti-inflammatory agents. Recently, a topical formulation (KIO-101 eye drops) of a DHODH inhibitor has been developed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of KIO-101 eye drops in Healthy Volunteers (HVs) and patients with conjunctival hyperemia.

Plasma Instead of Serum Avoids Critical Confounding of Clinical Metabolomics Studies by Platelets.

Metabolomics is an emerging and powerful bioanalytical method supporting clinical investigations. Serum and plasma are commonly used without rational prioritization. Serum is collected after blood coagulation, a complex biochemical process involving active platelet metabolism.

The Impact of Photopigment Bleaching on the Human Rod Photoreceptor Subretinal Space Measured Via Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate rod photopigment bleaching-driven intrinsic optical signals (IOS) in the human outer retina and its measurement repeatability based on a commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) platform.

Methods: The optical path length of the rod photoreceptor subretinal space (SRS), that is, the distance between signal bands of rod outer segment tips and retinal pigment epithelium, was measured in 15 healthy subjects in ambient light and during a long-duration bleaching white-light exposure.

Results: On 2 identical study days (day 1 and day 2 [D1 and D2]), light stimulation resulted in a significant decrease in rod SRS by 21.

Influence of Sutureless Scleral Fixation Techniques With 3-Piece Intraocular Lenses on Dislocation Force.

Purpose: To compare 4 different secondary intraocular lens (IOL) fixation techniques regarding the least required force to dislocate a scleral fixated 3-piece IOL in human corneoscleral donor tissue.

Design: Experimental laboratory investigation.

Methods: The least required dislocation force (LRDF) of 4 different secondary IOL fixation techniques, namely, the techniques using transscleral tunnels (TTs; as described by Scharioth), glued haptics (GHs; Agarwal), flanged haptics (FHs; Yamane), and bent haptic ends (BH; Behera/Bolz), were investigated using 40 three-piece IOLs (Sensar AR40) fixated to human scleral tissue.

Attaining the optimal flange technique for transscleral capsular bag stabilization using iris hooks.

Purpose: To investigate the flange properties of different iris hooks.

Setting: Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Design: Laboratory study.

Occurrence of Corneal Staining after Cataract Surgery with and without Chitosan-N-Acetylcysteine Eye Drops.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ocular surface damage assessed by corneal staining scores right after cataract surgery and whether it can be prevented using chitosan-N-acetylcysteine (C-NAC) eye drops.

Methods: We included patients scheduled for routine cataract surgery. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of three groups.

Effect of Treatment with Topical Azithromycin or Oral Doxycycline on Tear Film Thickness in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This prospective, randomized, observer-masked, parallel-group study aimed to compare the effect of topical azithromycin and oral doxycycline on tear film thickness (TFT) and signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Patients were randomized to either receive topical azithromycin or oral doxycycline. After a baseline visit, three follow-up visits at intervals of 2 weeks were scheduled.

Repeatability of biometry in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction before and after vectored thermal pulsation therapy: A randomized, controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of vectored thermal pulsation therapy (VTPT) on the repeatability of biometry readings of two different optical biometers in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods: Patients affected by MGD were included in this prospective, randomized, controlled, investigator-masked study. One eye was randomized to VTPT (LipiFlow®, Johnson & Johnson), and the contralateral eye served as a control.

Effect of Antibiotic Eye Drops on the Nasal Microbiome in Healthy Subjects-A Pilot Study.

Background: Antibiotic eye drops are frequently used in clinical practice. Due to the anatomical connection via the nasolacrimal duct, it seems possible that they have an influence on the nasal/pharyngeal microbiome. This was investigated by using two different commonly used antibiotic eye drops.

Neuro-vascular coupling and heart rate variability in patients with type II diabetes at different stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Aims/hypothesis: There is evidence that diabetes is accompanied by a break-down of functional hyperemia, an intrinsic mechanism of neural tissues to adapt blood flow to changing metabolic demands. However, to what extent functional hyperemia is altered in different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type II diabetes is largely unknown. The current study set out to investigate flicker-induced retinal blood flow changes in patients with type II diabetes at different stages of DR.

Retinal Oxygen Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Different Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess retinal oxygen metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n = 67) compared with healthy control subjects (n = 20). Thirty-four patients had no DR, 15 had mild DR, and 18 had moderate to severe DR. Retinal oxygen saturation in arteries and veins was measured using the oxygen module of a retinal vessel analyzer.

Structure-Function Analysis of MP-3 Microperimetry versus Octopus Perimetry in Central Glaucomatous Visual Field Defects.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the structure-function relationship with microperimetry and Octopus perimetry in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with central visual field (VF) defects.

Methods: Forty eyes of 24 patients with POAG were enrolled. Circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) analysis measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of the superotemporal, temporal, and inferotemporal optic-nerve head sectors were related to corresponding microperimetric and Octopus VF clusters using the G2 grid-pattern with dynamic strategy, respectively.

Metabolic phenotyping of tear fluid as a prognostic tool for personalised medicine exemplified by T2DM patients.

Background/aims: Concerning healthcare approaches, a paradigm change from reactive medicine to predictive approaches, targeted prevention, and personalisation of medical services is highly desirable. This raises demand for biomarker signatures that support the prediction and diagnosis of diseases, as well as monitoring strategies regarding therapeutic efficacy and supporting individualised treatments. New methodological developments should preferably rely on non-invasively sampled biofluids like sweat and tears in order to provide optimal compliance, reduce costs, and ensure availability of the biomaterial.

Combining vascular and nerve fiber layer thickness measurements to model glaucomatous focal visual field loss.

We compare the focal structure-function correlation of structural measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL-T) using optical coherence tomography (OCT), capillary density (CD) measurements using OCT-angiography (OCT-A), or a combination of both, with visual field deviation (VFD) in early to advanced glaucoma. Primary open angle glaucoma patients (n = 46, mean ± SD age: 67 ± 10 years; VF mean deviation: -10.41 ± 6.

Effect of hyperoxia and hypoxia on retinal vascular parameters assessed with optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To investigate the response of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses to hyperoxia and hypoxia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and retinal vessel analyzer.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy volunteers participated in this randomized, double-masked, cross-over study. For each subject, two study days were scheduled: on one study day, hyperoxia was induced by breathing 100% oxygen whereas on the other study day, hypoxia was induced by breathing a mixture of 88% nitrogen and 12% oxygen.

Comparison of methods to experimentally induce opacification and elasticity change in ex vivo porcine lenses.

At the moment, cataract, which is the opacification of the eye's lens, can only be treated by surgery. In order to develop and test new pharmacological treatment strategies for the disease, there is a need for an appropriate in vitro model using ex vivo animal lenses. In this study, porcine lenses were incubated in either culture medium, glucose, triamcinolone acetonide, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, sodium selenite, neutral buffered formalin, or were exposed to microwave heating to experimentally induce lens opacification.

Retinal Oxygen Metabolism and Haemodynamics in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and History of Optic Neuritis.

Vascular changes and alterations of oxygen metabolism are suggested to be implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis and progression. Recently developed in vivo retinal fundus imaging technologies provide now an opportunity to non-invasively assess metabolic changes in the neural retina. This study was performed to assess retinal oxygen metabolism, peripapillary capillary density (CD), large vessel density (LVD), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) in patients with diagnosed relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and history of unilateral optic neuritis (ON).

Effects of glaucoma surgery on visual field progression in open-angle glaucoma considering the floor effect.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate whether trabeculectomy (TRAB) and XEN® Gel Stent implantation (XEN) - both filtrating surgery techniques - can slow down the deterioration of visual field (VF) parameters considering the floor effect, which could lead to a misestimation of pre- and postoperative VF rate of progression (ROP).

Methods: Included in this study were patients with open-angle glaucoma, who underwent either TRAB or XEN® gel stent implantation and who had at least three VF tests before and after surgery, over an observation period of 13 years. The annual ROP of the mean defect (MD) and the square root of loss variance (sLV) were calculated with two different censoring thresholds: by censored regression and by ordinary least squares regression (OLSR).

Plexus-specific effect of flicker-light stimulation on the retinal microvasculature assessed with optical coherence tomography angiography.

In neural tissues, the coupling between neural activity and blood flow is a physiological key principle in blood flow regulation. We used optical coherence tomography angiography to investigate stimulus-evoked hemodynamic responses in different microvascular layers of the human retina. Twenty-two healthy subjects were included.

Novel Approaches for Imaging-Based Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Disease.

Imaging has become indispensable in the diagnosis and management of diseases in the posterior part of the eye. In recent years, imaging techniques for the anterior segment are also gaining importance and are nowadays routinely used in clinical practice. Ocular surface disease is often synonymous with dry eye disease, but also refers to other conditions of the ocular surface, such as Meibomian gland dysfunction or keratitis and conjunctivitis with different underlying causes, i.

On the Reality of Quantum Collapse and the Emergence of Space-Time.

We present a model, in which quantum-collapse is supposed to be real as a result of breaking unitary symmetry, and in which we can define a notion of "becoming". We show how empirical space-time can emerge in this model, if duration is measured by light-clocks. The model opens a possible bridge between Quantum Physics and Relativity Theory and offers a new perspective on some long-standing open questions, both within and between the two theories.