A Virtual Testing Framework for Real-Time Validation of Automotive Software Systems Based on Hardware in the Loop and Fault Injection.

To validate safety-related automotive software systems, experimental tests are conducted at different stages of the V-model, which are referred as "X-in-the-loop (XIL) methods". However, these methods have significant drawbacks in terms of cost, time, effort and effectiveness. In this study, based on hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation and real-time fault injection (FI), a novel testing framework has been developed to validate system performance under critical abnormal situations during the development process.

Automating Fault Test Cases Generation and Execution for Automotive Safety Validation via NLP and HIL Simulation.

The complexity and the criticality of automotive electronic implanted systems are steadily advancing and that is especially the case for automotive software development. ISO 26262 describes requirements for the development process to confirm the safety of such complex systems. Among these requirements, fault injection is a reliable technique to assess the effectiveness of safety mechanisms and verify the correct implementation of the safety requirements.

GRU-Based Denoising Autoencoder for Detection and Clustering of Unknown Single and Concurrent Faults during System Integration Testing of Automotive Software Systems.

Recently, remarkable successes have been achieved in the quality assurance of automotive software systems (ASSs) through the utilization of real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. Based on the HIL platform, safe, flexible and reliable realistic simulation during the system development process can be enabled. However, notwithstanding the test automation capability, large amounts of recordings data are generated as a result of HIL test executions.

How Personality, Emotions and Situational Characteristics Affect Learning from Social Interactions in the Workplace.

The present study examines the effects of social interactions' situational characteristics, emotions, and personality on self-perceived learning from social interactions at work based on diary and survey data. The sample comprises 43 German vocational education and training (VET) trainees in various apprenticeship programs. During the diary period of ten working days, the participants were instructed to record five typical social interactions at work every day.

Intelligent Fault Detection and Classification Based on Hybrid Deep Learning Methods for Hardware-in-the-Loop Test of Automotive Software Systems.

Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) has been recommended by ISO 26262 as an essential test bench for determining the safety and reliability characteristics of automotive software systems (ASSs). However, due to the complexity and the huge amount of data recorded by the HIL platform during the testing process, the conventional data analysis methods used for detecting and classifying faults based on the human expert are not realizable. Therefore, the development of effective means based on the historical data set is required to analyze the records of the testing process in an efficient manner.

Problem-Solving and Tool Use in Office Work: The Potential of Electronic Performance Support Systems to Promote Employee Performance and Learning.

In the context of office work, learning to handle an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is important as implementation costs for such systems and associated expectations are high. However, these expectations are often not met because the users are not trained adequately. Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS) are designed to support employees' ERP-related problem-solving and informal learning.

Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Real-Time Fault Injection Framework for Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Automotive Software Systems.

A well-known challenge in the development of safety-critical systems in vehicles today is that reliability and safety assessment should be rigorously addressed and monitored. As a matter of fact, most safety problems caused by system failures can lead to serious hazards and loss of life. Notwithstanding the existence of several traditional analytical techniques used for evaluation based on specification documents, a complex design, with its multivariate dynamic behavior of automotive systems, requires an effective method for an experimental analysis of the system's response under abnormal conditions.

Implementing the Circular Economy by Tracing the Sustainable Impact.

Sustainability is one of the most critical issues today. Thus, the unsustainable consumption of resources, such as raw materials, CO emissions, and the needs to be changed. One framework for a more sustainable economy is the .

Corrigendum: Trust Dynamics and Verbal Assurances in Human Robot Physical Collaboration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/frai.2021.

Trust Dynamics and Verbal Assurances in Human Robot Physical Collaboration.

Trust is the foundation of successful human collaboration. This has also been found to be true for human-robot collaboration, where trust has also influence on over- and under-reliance issues. Correspondingly, the study of trust in robots is usually concerned with the detection of the current level of the human collaborator trust, aiming at keeping it within certain limits to avoid undesired consequences, which is known as trust calibration.

Fractal Characterization of Subviral Particle Motion: On the Influence of Spatio-Temporal Interpolation Methods.

Due to the rapid globalization there is an increasing danger for pandemic outbreaks. The high death toll of fast spreading diseases like the Ebola infection demand the fast development of new medicines. Thus, the automation of pharmaceutical processes is an indispensable but challenging task.

Validation of Embedded Experience Sampling (EES) for Measuring Non-cognitive Facets of Problem-Solving Competence in Scenario-Based Assessments.

To measure non-cognitive facets of competence, we developed and tested a new method that we refer to as Embedded Experience Sampling (EES). Domain-specific problem-solving competence is a multi-faceted construct that is not limited to cognitive facets such as domain knowledge or problem-solving strategies but also comprises non-cognitive facets in the sense of domain-specific emotional and motivational dispositions such as, for instance, interest and self-concept. However, in empirical studies non-cognitive facets are usually either neglected or measured by generalized self-report questionnaires that are detached from the performance assessment.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and enhancing photoluminescence quantum yields of [Cu(I)(diimine)(diphosphine)](+) complexes-photophysical, structural, and computational studies.

The complexes [Cu(I)(POP)(dmbpy)][BF4] (1) and [Cu(I)(POP)(tmbpy)][BF4] (2) (dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl; tmbpy = 4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl; POP = bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)-phenyl]ether) have been studied in a wide temperature range by steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy in fluid solution, frozen solution, and as solid powders. Emission quantum yields of up to 74% were observed for 2 in a rigid matrix (powder), substantially higher than for 1 of around 9% under the same conditions. Importantly, it was found that the emission of 2 at ambient temperature represents a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) which renders the compound to be a good candidate for singlet harvesting in OLEDs.

Photophysical properties of cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes: counterintuitive blue shift in emission with an expanded ligand π system.

A detailed examination was performed on photophysical properties of phosphorescent cyclometalated (C(^)N)Pt(O(^)O) complexes (ppy)Pt(dpm) (1), (ppy)Pt(acac) (1'), and (bzq)Pt(dpm) (2) and newly synthesized (dbq)Pt(dpm) (3) (C(^)N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), benzo[h]quinoline (bzq), dibenzo[f,h]quinoline (dbq); O(^)O = dipivolylmethanoate (dpm), acetylacetonate (acac)). Compounds 1, 1', 2, and 3 were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural changes brought about by cyclometalation were determined by comparison with X-ray data from model C(^)N ligand precursors.

Improving the performance of Pt(II) complexes for blue light emission by enhancing the molecular rigidity.

This study highlights the potential benefits of using terdentate over bidentate ligands in the construction of organometallic complexes as organic light-emitting diode (OLED) emitters offering better color purity, and explores in detail the molecular origins of the differences between the two. A pair of closely related platinum(II) complexes has been selected, incorporating a bidentate and a terdentate cyclometallating ligand, respectively, namely, Pt(4,6-dFppy)(acac) (1) {4,6-dFppy = 2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridine metalated at C(2) of the phenyl ring} and Pt(4,6-dFdpyb)Cl (2) {4,6-dFdpyb = 4,6-difluoro-1,3-di(2-pyridyl)benzene, metalated at C(2) of the phenyl ring}. The emission properties over the range of temperatures from 1.

Palladium(II)- and platinum(II)phenyl-2,6-bis(oxazole) pincer complexes: syntheses, crystal structures, and photophysical properties.

Phenyl-2,6-bis(oxazole) ligands have been explored for the synthesis of novel palladium(II) and platinum(II) pincer complexes. The materials were characterized by spectroscopic methods and by X-ray crystallography. Investigations of the photophysical properties revealed that the lowest triplet states of the materials are largely centred at the bis(oxazole) ligands.

Improvement of (bipy)Pt(XR)2 (X=O, S) type photosensitizers by covalent dye attachment.

Irradiation into the dye-based absorption band of complexes ((t)Bu(2)bipy)Pt(SR)(2) and ((t)Bu(2)bipy)Pt(OR)(2) where R denotes a coumarine-based thiolate and alkoxolate substituent populates the same excited triplet state as is obtained by excitation into the much weaker (RX)(2)Pt→(t)Bu(2)bipy (X = O, S) charge-transfer band. This paves the way toward more efficient photosensitizers.

Bright sky-blue phosphorescence of [n-Bu4N][Pt(4,6-dFppy)(CN)2]: synthesis, crystal structure, and detailed photophysical studies.

This work describes the synthesis, crystal structure, and detailed photophysical studies of [n-Bu(4)N][Pt(4,6-dFppy)(CN)(2)] (n-Bu = n-butyl, 4,6-dFppy = (4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinate). The material can easily be prepared in high yield and purity by the reaction of [Pt(4,6-dFppy)(H-4,6-dFppy)Cl], [n-Bu(4)N]Cl, and KCN in CH(2)Cl(2). Because of the bulky counterion [n-Bu(4)N](+), Pt-Pt interactions, which frequently lead to aggregate formation, are suppressed in the solid state.

Photophysical properties and OLED applications of phosphorescent platinum(II) Schiff base complexes.

The syntheses, crystal structures, and detailed investigations of the photophysical properties of phosphorescent platinum(II) Schiff base complexes are presented. All of these complexes exhibit intense absorption bands with lambda(max) in the range 417-546 nm, which are assigned to states of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((1)MLCT) (1)[Pt(5d)-->pi*(Schiff base)] character mixed with (1)[lone pair(phenoxide)-->pi*(imine)] charge-transfer character. The platinum(II) Schiff base complexes are thermally stable, with decomposition temperatures up to 495 degrees C, and show emission lambda(max) at 541-649 nm in acetonitrile, with emission quantum yields up to 0.

Probing the excited state properties of the highly phosphorescent Pt(dpyb)Cl compound by high-resolution optical spectroscopy.

Detailed photophysical studies of the emitting triplet state of the highly phosphorescent compound Pt(dpyb)Cl based on high-resolution optical spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures are presented {dpyb = N--C(2)--N-coordinated 1,3-di(pyridylbenzene)}. The results reveal a total zero-field splitting of the emitting triplet state T(1) of 10 cm(-1) and relatively short individual decay times for the two higher lying T(1) substates II and III, while the decay time of the lowest substate I is distinctly longer. Further evidence for the assignment of the T(1) substates is gained by emission measurements under high magnetic fields.

Blue light emitting Ir(III) compounds for OLEDs - new insights into ancillary ligand effects on the emitting triplet state.

The sky-blue emitting phosphorescent compound Ir(4,6-dFppy)(2)(acac) (FIracac) doped into different matrices is studied under ambient conditions and at cryogenic temperatures on the basis of broadband and high-resolution emission spectra. The emitting triplet state is found to be largely of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character. It is observed that different polycrystalline and amorphous hosts distinctly affect the properties of the triplet.

Matrix effects on the triplet state of the OLED emitter Ir(4,6-dFppy)2(pic) (FIrpic): investigations by high-resolution optical spectroscopy.

The sky-blue emitting compound Ir(4,6-dFppy)(2)(pic) (iridium(III)bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C(2')]-picolinate), commonly referred to as FIrpic and representing a well-known emitter material for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), has been investigated in detail by optical spectroscopy. Studies at temperatures from T = 1.5 K to T = 300 K were carried out in CH(2)Cl(2) and tetrahydrofuran (THF).

Lithium alkyl assisted coupling of a 2-cyano-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole to give tBuNCH=CHN(tBu)BC(iPr)=N-BN(tBu)CH=CHNtBu.

Reaction of 2-cyano-1,3,2-diazaborole tBuNCH=CHN(tBu)BCN (2) with half an equivalent of isopropyllithium afforded compound tBuNCH=CHN(tBu)BC(iPr=N-BN(tBu)CH=CHNtBu (7). In contrast to this, a 1:1 stoichiometry of the reactants led to tBuNCH=CHN(tBu)BiPr (6) as the product of a nucleophilic substitution process at the boron atom. Similarly, regardless of the molar ratio of reactants employed, treatment of 2 with cyclopropyllithium, isobutyllithium or phenyllithium afforded solely substitution products tBuNCH=CHN(tBu)BR [R =cPr (12); Ph (13); iBu (14)].