Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in L. Depending on Developmental Stage and Season.

The contamination of phytopharmaceuticals and herbal teas with toxic plants is an increasing problem. L. is a particularly noxious weed in agricultural and horticultural crops due to its content of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs).

Variability of total flavonoids in Crataegus--factor evaluation for the monitored production of industrial starting material.

European Hawthorn species (Crataegus spp.) are traditionally used for their demonstrated cardioprotective benefits. Most products are based on the compendial leaf and flower drug (LFD), which is standardised on the total flavonoid content (TF).

Quantitative analysis of anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging triterpenoid esters in evening primrose seeds.

Lipophilic triterpenoidal esters with radical scavenging and cyclooxygenase inhibitory properties were recently found in cold-pressed, nonraffinated evening primrose oil (EPO). A quantitative assay for the analysis of 3-O-trans-caffeoyl derivatives of betulinic, morolic, and oleanolic acid in evening primrose seeds was developed and validated. Extraction efficiency >99% was achieved by means of pressurized liquid extraction with two extraction cycles and 80% (v/v) ethanol at 120 degrees C.