Acute symptomatic extracranial internal carotid occlusion - natural course and clinical impact.

To assess the vascular and clinical course of acute symptomatic extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Patients with an acute ischemic event in the anterior circulation and corresponding extracranial ICA occlusion at CT angiography and/or color-coded duplex sonography underwent recurrent duplex follow-up for detection of spontaneous recanalization. Stroke recurrence and functional outcome 4.

Interhemispheric connectivity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A near-infrared spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging study.

Purpose: Aim of the present study was to investigate potential impairment of non-motor areas in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In particular, we evaluated whether homotopic resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of non-motor associated cortical areas correlates with clinical parameters and disease-specific degeneration of the corpus callosum (CC) in ALS.

Material And Methods: Interhemispheric homotopic rs-FC was assessed in 31 patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) for 8 cortical sites, from prefrontal to occipital cortex, using NIRS.

Near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial sonography to evaluate cerebral autoregulation in middle cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease.

The measurement of autoregulatory delay by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed as an alternative technique to assess cerebral autoregulation, which is routinely assessed via transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in most centers. Comparitive studies of NIRS and TCD, however, are largely missing. We investigated whether cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), as assessed via TCD, correlates with the delay of the autoregulatory response to changes in arterial blood pressure (ABP) as assessed by NIRS, i.

Peripheral nerve ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotypes.

Introduction: In this study we sought to determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves in patients with distinct subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods: Ulnar and median nerve ultrasound was performed in 78 ALS patients [classic, n = 21; upper motor neuron dominant (UMND), n = 14; lower motor neuron dominant (LMND), n = 20; bulbar, n = 15; primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), n = 8] and 18 matched healthy controls.

Results: Compared with controls, ALS patients had significant, distally pronounced reductions of ulnar CSA (forearm/wrist level) across all disease groups, except for PLS.

[Ischemic stroke--diagnosis and treatment].

Management of ischemic stroke is targeted on four therapeutic objectives: limitation of neurological deficit, prevention of earyl stroke recurrence, protection against complications, and secondary prevention. Intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5h of stroke onset is the only proven therapy to improvefunctional outcome.

Sonography of the median nerve in CMT1A, CMT2A, CMTX, and HNPP.

Introduction: In this study we compare the ultrasound features in the median nerve in patients with different types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and hereditary neuropathies with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) as a typical entrapment neuropathy.

Methods: Median nerve ultrasound and conduction studies were performed in patients with CMT1A (n = 12), MFN2-associated CMT2A (n = 7), CMTX (n = 5), and HNPP (n = 5), and in controls (n = 28).

Results: Median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) was significantly increased in CMT1A, whereas, in axonal CMT2A, fascicle diameter (FD) was enlarged.

Assessment of cortical hemodynamics by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy in steno-occlusive disease of the middle cerebral artery.

Background And Purpose: In a pilot study we evaluated near-infrared spectroscopy as to its potential benefit in monitoring patients with steno-occlusive disease of a major cerebral artery for alterations in cortical hemodynamics.

Methods: Cortical maps of time-to-peak (TTP) in 10 patients unilaterally affected by severe stenosis or occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were acquired by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy after bolus application of indocyanine green. Hemodynamic manifestations were assessed by comparison between affected and unaffected hemisphere and evaluated for common constituents by principal component analysis.

Do basophile structures as age dependent phenomenon indicate small vessel wall damage?

Here we demonstrate basophile structures located in the arteriolar wall and being associated with a plasma-protein-leakage. We assume, that the structures indicate blood-brain-barrier-disturbances and degenerative small vessel wall alterations.

Stases are associated with blood-brain barrier damage and a restricted activation of coagulation in SHRSP.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a chronically proceeding pathology of small brain vessels associated with white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, brain atrophy and microbleeds. CSVD leads to slowly increasing cognitive and functional deficits but may also cause stroke-like symptoms, if vessels in critical brain areas are affected. Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) exhibit several vascular risk factors, develop infarcts and hemorrhages and therefore represent a relevant model for the study of CSVD.

Risk of wound hematoma at carotid endarterectomy under dual antiplatelet therapy.

Background And Purpose: This study aims to assess perioperative incidence of wound hematoma and bleeding in patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) under dual antiplatelet therapy.

Methods: Consecutive patients with initial CEA receiving aspirin, clopidogrel, or a combination of both were subjected to standard patch endarterectomy. Postoperative wound hematoma was assessed as moderate (subcutaneous bleeding, nonspace-occupying hematoma, and oozing suture bleeding) or severe, i.

Three-dimensional angiography of classic and occult lesion types in choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To identify characteristic features of classic and occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by using a novel technique of topographic angiography for three-dimensional (3D) visualization.

Methods: A confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO, Heidelberg Retina Angiograph; Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany) was used to perform fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green (ICGA) angiography in158 patients. Ninety-four eyes had predominantly classic and 64 eyes had occult lesions.