In vivo detection of head and neck tumors by hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning methods.

Currently, there are no fast and accurate screening methods available for head and neck cancer, the eighth most common tumor entity. For this study, we used hyperspectral imaging, an imaging technique for quantitative and objective surface analysis, combined with deep learning methods for automated tissue classification. As part of a prospective clinical observational study, hyperspectral datasets of laryngeal, hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal mucosa were recorded in 98 patients before surgery in vivo.

Hyperspectral Imaging Using Flexible Endoscopy for Laryngeal Cancer Detection.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is increasingly gaining acceptance in the medical field. Up until now, HSI has been used in conjunction with rigid endoscopy to detect cancer in vivo. The logical next step is to pair HSI with flexible endoscopy, since it improves access to hard-to-reach areas.

Development of an image pre-processor for operational hyperspectral laryngeal cancer detection.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a technology with high potential in the field of non-invasive detection of cancer. However, in complex imaging situations like HSI of the larynx with a rigid endoscope, various image interferences can disable a proper classification of cancerous tissue. We identified three main problems: i) misregistration of single images in a HS cube due to patient heartbeat ii) image noise and iii) specular reflections (SR).

Photosensitizing effects of hypericin on head neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro.

Clinical outcome of patients suffering from head neck squamous cell carcinomas is still poor due to recurrent disease and surgical limitations. There is still a demand for multimodality approaches and new therapeutic options. Hypericin is a promising phototoxic drug which was investigated for its effects on head neck squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro.

Comparative functional cell biological analysis of mesenchymal stem cells of the head and neck region: potential impact on wound healing, trauma, and infection.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells, originally identified in bone-marrow. Little is known about MSCs of the head and neck region. We investigated cell biological properties with a potential impact on wound healing of 2 different tissue-resident MSC populations.

Hyperspectral imaging of mucosal surfaces in patients.

The aim of this study was to proof applicability of hyperspectral imaging for the analysis and classification of human mucosal surfaces in vivo. The larynx as a prototypical anatomically well-defined surgical test area was analyzed by microlaryngoscopy with a polychromatic lightsource and a synchronous triggered monochromatic CCD-camera. Image stacks (5 benign, 7 malignant tumors) were analyzed by established software (principal component analysis PCA, hyperspectral classification, spectral profiles).

Histologic diagnoses in persistently swollen cervical lymph nodes.

Background: Biopsy and histological examination of persistently enlarged cervical lymph nodes represent a major health care issue and have high impact on further clinical therapy. Tertiary health centers are faced with an increased demand for diagnostic workup to rule out malignancy. We performed a retrospective study from January 2000 to June 2008 to identify patients referred to us for diagnostic biopsy and to document the histopathological result.

Endovascular treatment of epistaxis: indications, management, and outcome.

Objective: Epistaxis is a common clinical problem, and the majority of bleedings can be managed conservatively. However, due to extensive and sometimes life-threatening bleeding, further treatment, such as superselective embolization, may be required. We report our experience with endovascular treatment of life-threatening epistaxis.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) dacryocystography for imaging of the nasolacrimal duct system.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness and safety of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) dacryocystography in detecting lesions, identifying coexisting soft-tissue changes and determining treatment options in patients with epiphora.

Patients And Methods: Unilateral digital subtraction dacryocystography and CBCT dacryocystography were carried out on 45 patients. Stenoses and occlusions were identified and coexisting changes such as septal deviation and dacryoliths were noted.

Clinical applications of slide-based cytometry--an update.

Slide-based cytometric approaches open the possibility to obtain quantitative and objective data from specimens that so far have not been accessible to this kind of analysis. In this review, we will highlight the specific advantages of slide-based cytometry (SBC) and show the applications that have been established for clinical samples. Focuses are cytomic analyses of oncological and hematological samples where the slide-based concept turned out to open new dimensions in understanding underlying cellular networks.

Immunophenotyping using a laser scanning cytometer.

Three- and four-color immunophenotyping is routine in traditional flow cytometry, as is measurement of cell proliferation, but there are drawbacks. The techniques cannot analyze cell morphology or permit restaining of cells of interest. This unit describes a slide-based method of immunophenotyping using a laser scanning cytometer.

Analysis of fine-needle aspirate biopsies from solid tumors by laser scanning cytometry (LSC).

Both flow and image cytometry have routine, reliable methods for ploidy analysis, each with its dbacks. LSC offers a non-destructive and non-consumptive method of analysis that allows repeated sample analysis as well as storage for later re-evaluation. Owing to the extremely small sample requirement, specimens can be obtained through minimally invasive procedures such as fine-needle aspirate biopsies or simple swabs.

Early detection in head and neck cancer - current state and future perspectives.

Survival and quality of life in head and neck cancer are directly linked to the size of the primary tumor at first detection. In order to achieve substantial gain at these issues, both, primary prevention and secondary prevention, which is early detection of malignant lesions at a small size, have to be improved. So far, there is not only a lack in the necessary infrastructure not only in Germany, but rather worldwide, but additionally the techniques developed so far for early detection have a significance and specificity too low as to warrant safe implementation for screening programs.

Prediction of upper aerodigestive tract cancer by slide-based cytometry.

Aim: To evaluate slide-based cytometry in screening for and following up of carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract using swabs for a minimal-invasive approach.

Methods: Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) was used for multiparametric analysis of cells stained for cytokeratin and DNA to determine the DNA-index (DI) of the tumor cells. Histograms with 0.

Hyperchromatic cytometry principles for cytomics using slide based cytometry.

Background: Polychromatic analysis of biological specimens has become increasingly important because of the emerging new fields of high-content and high-throughput single cell analysis for systems biology and cytomics. Combining different technologies and staining methods, multicolor analysis can be pushed forward to measure anything stainable in a cell. We term this approach hyperchromatic cytometry and present different components suitable for achieving this task.

Comparison of immunophenotyping by slide-based cytometry and by flow cytometry.

Background: Flow cytometry (FCM) is the gold standard for immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Slide-based cytometry (SBC) systems, for example the laser scanning cytometer (LSC(R), CompuCyte), can give additional information (repeated staining and scanning, morphology). In order to adequately judge the clinical usefulness of LSC for immunophenotyping it is obligatory to compare it with FCM.

Sequential photobleaching of fluorochromes for polychromatic slide-based cytometry.

Background: Slide-based cytometry is a key technology for polychromatic cytomic investigations. Here we exploit the relocalization and merge feature of Laser Scanning Cytometry for distinguishing fluorochromes of comparable emission spectra but different photostabilities.

Methods: Blood specimens were stained with the fluorochrome pairs: FITC/ALEXA488, PE/ALEXA532, or APC/ALEXA633.

Iterative restaining as a pivotal tool for n-color immunophenotyping by slide-based cytometry.

Aim: Slide-based cytometry (SBC) allows to "ask a cell a second time." We used this tool for detailed immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs).

Methods: PBLs primarily stained for CD-markers and DNA were immobilized on a glass slide and analyzed by laser scanning cytometry.

Novel aspects of systems biology and clinical cytomics.

The area of Cytomics and Systems Biology became of great impact during the last years. In some fields of the leading cytometric techniques it represents the cutting edge today. Many different applications/variations of multicolor staining were developed for flow- or slide-based cytometric analysis of suspensions and sections to whole animal analysis.

Preoperative detection of laryngeal cancer in mucosal swabs by slide-based cytometry.

The aim of our study was to evaluate slide-based cytometry in screening for laryngeal cancer using swabs a minimally invasive approach. Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) was used for the multiparametric analysis of cells stained for cytokeratin and DNA to determine the DNA-index (DI) of the tumour cells. Histograms with DI < 0.

Quantitative histology by multicolor slide-based cytometry.

Background: In lymphatic organs, the quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of leukocytes by tissue cytometry would give relevant information about alterations during diseases (leukemia, HIV, AIDS) and their therapeutic regimen, as well as in experimental settings.

Methods: We have developed a semiautomated analysis method for laser scanning cytometry (LSC) termed "multiple thresholding," which is suitable for archived or fresh biopsy material of human lymph nodes and tonsils. Sections are stained with PI for nuclear DNA and up to four antigens using direct or indirect immunofluorescence staining.