Vitamin A and arachidonic acid altered the skeletal mineralization in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae without any interactions on the transcriptional level.

The main object of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of vitamin A (VA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) in relation to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on mineralization and gene expression in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). First-feeding larvae were fed enriched rotifers from start-feeding until 29 days post hatch (dph). Larvae in four tanks were fed one of the following diets: control (EPA/ARA ratio: 15.

A holistic approach to development of diets for Ballan wrasse (Labrus berggylta) - a new species in aquaculture.

Wild wrasses are used for delousing of farmed salmon but increasing demands have prompted the salmon industry to develop cultures of Ballan wrasse. One of the bottlenecks has been nutrition and feed intake in the juvenile phase, while broodstock nutrition is considered critical for production of viable offspring. The present study was aimed at developing functioning ongrowing and broodstock diets for Ballan wrasse.

Toxic effects of dietary hydrolysed lipids: an in vivo study on fish larvae.

We have previously described that fish larvae absorb a larger fraction of dietary monoacylglycerol than TAG. To investigate how dietary hydrolysed lipids affect a vertebrate at early life stages over time, we fed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae six diets with different degrees of hydrolysed lipids for 30 d. The different diets had no effect on growth, but there was a positive correlation between the level of hydrolysed lipids in the diets and mortality.

Characterisation and expression of secretory phospholipase A2 group IB during ontogeny of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua).

The pancreatic enzyme secretory phospholipase A2 group IB (sPLA2 IB) hydrolyses phospholipids at the sn-2 position, resulting in a NEFA and a lyso-phospholipid, which are then absorbed by the enterocytes. The sPLA2 IB is a member of a family of nineteen enzymes sharing the same catalytic ability, of which nine are cytosolic and ten are secretory. Presently, there are no pharmacological tools to separate between the different secretory enzymes when measuring the enzymatic activity.

Characterization and expression of digestive neutral lipases during ontogeny of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

The major neutral lipase excreted by the pancreas in fish, is bile activated lipase (BAL). Here we present evidence that cod have a functional BAL and a non-functional pancreatic lipase related protein (PLRP). The Atlantic cod genome does not seem to contain colipase which is essential for pancreatic lipase activity.

Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as a model for investigating the safety of GM feed ingredients (soya and maize); performance, stress response and uptake of dietary DNA sequences.

A 20-d zebrafish (Danio rerio) feeding trial, in which a near doubling of fish weight was achieved, was conducted with GM feed ingredients to evaluate feed intake, growth, stress response and uptake of dietary DNA. A partial aim of the study was to assess zebrafish as a model organism in GM safety assessments. Roundup Ready soya (RRS), YieldGard Bt maize (MON810) and their non-modified, maternal, near-isogenic lines were used in a 2 x 2 factorial design.

Evaluation of candidate reference genes in Q-PCR studies of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) ontogeny, with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract.

To obtain reliable relative qPCR data in developing fish larvae, stable reference genes have to be found. This study is focused on finding good candidates for normalization of qPCR data for ontogenetic studies of Atlantic cod. Ten commonly used reference genes; Acidic ribosomal protein, Actin-related protein 2, beta-actin, Elongation factor 1 A, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Ribosomal protein 37, Ribosomal protein 4, Ribosomal protein S9, beta 2-Tubulin and Ubiquitin were analyzed in developing larvae from 3 to 97 day post hatch (DPH).

Effect of various electric field strengths and current durations on stunning and spinal injuries of Atlantic herring.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electric field strength and current duration on wild-caught Atlantic herring Clupea harengus stunned with sinusoidal 50-Hz AC in seawater. The fish were exposed to electric field strengths ranging from 16 to 142 V/m and current durations from 1 to 12 s. We recorded the elapsed times between the point at which each fish became unconscious and the points at which it resumed normal behavioral functions.