Nonparticipation in a Digital Health Intervention Study Among Older Adults: Uneven Involvement, Biased Outcomes, and the Effect of Weighting.

Background: The involvement of older adults in research on digital health is uneven with respect to, for example, age, gender, health status, and digital skills. However, little is known regarding the effect of the uneven involvement of older adults in digital health research on researched outcomes. This study helps to fill this knowledge gap, identifies the effects of uneven involvement of older adults in digital health research on researched outcomes, and also develops a correction for this.

Age Differences in Unemployment Risk and Reemployment Outcomes in Late Working Life in Sweden.

Participation of older workers in the labor market depends, among other things, on older workers employment chances. This study examines age differences regarding risk of unemployment and reemployment outcomes in late working life in Sweden. Using Swedish registry data, we analyzed the probability of unemployment as well as work-related activity following unemployment (wage- or self-employment; exit; downward mobility) of all people born between 1954 and 1968 (aged 49-63) and registered in Sweden between the years 2012 and 2018.

Exclusion from social relations in later life: on the gendered associations of social networks with mental wellbeing.

This study addresses the gendered risks of loneliness and depression in later life from a social exclusion perspective. Exclusion from social relations (ESR) in older age is an unwanted situation associated with increased loneliness and depressive symptoms, with gender differences in the perception of solitude, and the evaluation of existing social networks, potentially accounting for the increased susceptibility of older women. Secondary analyses was conducted in a sample of 60,918 participants in the Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

Network and solitude satisfaction as modifiers of disadvantages in the quality of life of older persons who are challenged by exclusion from social relations: a gender stratified analysis.

This study examined from a gender-sensitive perspective the associations of exclusion from social relations (ESR) with the quality of life (QoL) of excluded older persons. Being satisfied with existing relations (i.e.

Development of healthcare use across contemporary retirement pathways: results from a register based cohort study.

Aim: We aimed to understand the interplay between retirement pathways and healthcare use in the postponed and structurally changing context of retirement.

Methods: Based on Swedish register data on income and healthcare use, we applied combined sequence and cluster analysis to identify typical pathways into retirement and analysed their relation to healthcare use developments.

Results: We detected five distinct pathways into retirement.

Prediction of (Non)Participation of Older People in Digital Health Research: Exergame Intervention Study.

Background: The use of digital technologies is increasing in health care. However, studies evaluating digital health technologies can be characterized by selective nonparticipation of older people, although older people represent one of the main user groups of health care.

Objective: We examined whether and how participation in an exergame intervention study was associated with age, gender, and heart failure (HF) symptom severity.

A research tool for measuring non-participation of older people in research on digital health.

Background: Healthcare services are being increasingly digitalised in European countries. However, in studies evaluating digital health technology, some people are less likely to participate than others, e.g.

Proactive healthcare for frail elderly persons: study protocol for a prospective controlled primary care intervention in Sweden.

Introduction: The provision of healthcare services is not dedicated to promoting maintenance of function and does not target frail older persons at high risk of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a proactive medical and social intervention in comparison with conventional care on a group of persons aged 75 and older selected by statistical prediction.

Methods And Analysis: In a pragmatic multicentre primary care setting (n=1600), a prediction model to find elderly (75+) persons at high risk of complex medical care or hospitalisation is used, followed by proactive medical and social care, in comparison with usual care.

Welfare states and quality of later life: distributions and predictions in a comparative perspective.

Demographic transitions are a driver of social change and societal ageing influences the resources and chances in life of different age groups. As a contribution to the debate on (potential) results of the transformation of social security in ageing societies, the impact of social security systems on distributions of quality of life in later life is discussed. Quality of life is introduced as a helpful concept to answer the paper's research questions: How are levels of quality of life in later life and the variability of objective and subjective quality of life indicators related to welfare state arrangements? What is the relevance of social structure indicators for this variability, how is it related to old age security, and what can be learned for the perspectives of current debates on equity and social security reforms? In a comparative perspective employing Esping-Andersen's welfare regime typology, three basic hypotheses are thoroughly tested: the 'hypothesis of (relative) levels', the 'distribution hypothesis' and the 'social structure hypothesis'.

Do intergenerational transfers from elderly parents increase social inequality among their middle-aged children? Evidence from the German aging survey.

Objective: This study examines the consequences of private intergenerational transfers from elderly parents to their middle-aged children with respect to social inequality within the children's generation.

Methods: With use of the nationally representative cross-sectional sample of the German Aging Survey, descriptive analyses as well as multivariate logistic regressions are used to identify the effects of three different types of private intergenerational transfers in the middle-age group (40-54 year olds, n = 1,719 for inter vivos and n = 1,446 for mortis causa transfers).

Result: Transfers from parents or parents-in-law during the last 12 months-many of them smaller ones-are not significantly related to children's income.

Social inequality in the later life: cross-national comparison of quality of life.

This paper analyses quality of life and inequality in old age in an international comparative and a life course perspective. Quality of life is seen as an outcome of unequal chances in life. We distinguish between overall and domain specific expressions of quality of life which allows us to analyse the determinants of overall quality of life and their development over the life course.

Establishing systems of care in Germany: a long and winding road.

Since 1995/1996 a long-term care insurance (LTCI), which promised to develop new support structures, in particular for the group of potentially frail elderly people, has been implemented in Germany. It will be shown that this LTCI has undoubtedly improved the social situation of the persons in need of care, even if its scheme is only providing basic support with a ceiling in cash-benefits and benefits in-kind, and privileging home care by informal caregivers. But certain misdevelopments in the LTCI have shown that the present scheme requires further effort to cope with these negative effects and to elaborate new integrated models of care that bridge the still existent gap between medical and social support.