A preoperative nomogram incorporating CT to predict the probability of ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables from preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for their ability to distinguish ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) from non-OCCC and to develop a nomogram to preoperatively predict the probability of OCCC.

Methods: This IRB-approved, retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent surgery for an ovarian tumor from 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2016 and CECT of the abdomen and pelvis ≤90 days before primary debulking surgery. Using a standardized form, two experienced oncologic radiologists independently analyzed imaging features and provided a subjective 5-point impression of the probability of the histological diagnosis.

A Multicenter Analysis of the Early Impact of COVID-19 on Junior Resident Operative Case Volume.

Introduction: Institutions have reported decreases in operative volume due to COVID-19. Junior residents have fewer opportunities for operative experience and COVID-19 further jeopardizes their operative exposure. This study quantifies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on resident operative exposure using resident case logs focusing on junior residents and categorizes the response of surgical residency programs to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Utility of the Huntington's Disease Prognostic Index Score for a Perimanifest Clinical Trial.

Background: Subtle neurodegenerative motor and cognitive impairments accumulate over a prodromal period several years before clinical diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD). The inclusion of prodromal individuals in therapeutic trials would facilitate testing of therapies early in the disease course and the development of treatments intended to prevent or delay disability.

Objectives: We evaluate the normalized prognostic index (PIN) score as a tool to select participants for a perimanifest trial.

Safety of AADC Gene Therapy for Moderately Advanced Parkinson Disease: Three-Year Outcomes From the PD-1101 Trial.

Background And Objectives: To report final, 36-month safety and clinical outcomes from the PD-1101 trial of NBIb-1817 (VY-AADC01) in participants with moderately advanced Parkinson disease (PD) and motor fluctuations.

Methods: PD-1101 was a phase 1b, open-label, dose escalation trial of VY-AADC01, an experimental AAV2 gene therapy encoding the human aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) enzyme. VY-AADC01 was delivered via bilateral, intraoperative MRI-guided putaminal infusions to 3 cohorts (n = 5 participants per cohort): cohort 1, ≤7.

Structured manual for MRI assessment of deep infiltrating endometriosis using the ENZIAN classification.

Purpose: Proposal of a systematic approach to assess Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) through pelvic Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the Enzian classification and examination of inter-rater agreement.

Methods: Three radiologists reviewed 23 MRI of patients with pelvic DIE at one tertiary referral center retrospectively and independently. Inclusion criteria were intraoperative confirmation of DIE and MR imaging according to ESUR (European Society of Urogenital Radiology) guidelines.

Beyond the Surgical Time-Out: A National Needs Assessment of Preoperative Communication in US General Surgery Residency Programs.

Objective: Perioperative communication is critical for procedural learning. In order to develop a periprocedural faculty development tool, we aimed to characterize the current status of preoperative communication in US General Surgery residency programs.

Design: After Association of Program Directors in Surgery approval, a survey was distributed to general surgery programs.

Association Between Entrustable Professional Activities and Milestones Evaluations: Real-time Assessments Correlate With Semiannual Reviews.

Objective: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have been developed to refine competency-based education. The American Board of Surgery has initiated a 2-year pilot study to evaluate the impact of EPAs on the evaluation and feedback of surgical residents. The ACGME Milestones in Surgery is a semiannual competency-based evaluation program to measure resident progression through 16 professional attributes across 8 practice domains.

Career Prospects of Young Dentists in Switzerland.

The observational cross-sectional study was aimed to obtain information on the promotion and development of young professionals in Switzerland. An online survey with 20 questions was sent out. Data was collected on participants' demographic data, including age, gender, level of qualification, place of work, information on employment, future perspectives, and career prospects.

Concordance Between Expert and Nonexpert Ratings of Condensed Video-Based Trainee Operative Performance Assessment.

Objective: We examined the impact of video editing and rater expertise in surgical resident evaluation on operative performance ratings of surgical trainees.

Design: Randomized independent review of intraoperative video.

Setting: Operative video was captured at a single, tertiary hospital in Boston, MA.

Detection and localization of distal radius fractures: Deep learning system versus radiologists.

Purpose: To evaluate a deep learning based image analysis software for the detection and localization of distal radius fractures.

Method: A deep learning system (DLS) was trained on 524 wrist radiographs (166 showing fractures). Performance was tested on internal (100 radiographs, 42 showing fractures) and external test sets (200 radiographs, 100 showing fractures).

Utility of Routine Preoperative F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography in Identifying Pathological Lymph Node Metastases at Radical Cystectomy.

Purpose: We determined the diagnostic performance of F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for detecting nodal metastases in patients with muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer before radical cystectomy.

Materials And Methods: Preoperative F-FDG positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scans (208) were retrospectively reviewed. Scans were routinely performed in 185 patients with muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer between August 2012 and February 2017, all of whom underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.

Quantification of sodium T1 in abdominal tissues at 3 T.

Introduction: Although relevant for assessment of sodium in multiple endocrine pathways, Na-T1 quantification is challenging due to technical limitations (SAR, B1 inhomogeneity) or influence of tissue's local molecular dynamics. Hereby, we propose T1 quantification of Na-MRI signal acquired over the abdomen using a centric-reordered saturation-recovery (SR) true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) sequence.

Materials And Methods: Measurements were performed at 3T using a dual-tunable Na/H coil in 7 healthy volunteers (TR/TE = 858-928/1.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of recurrence in patients with Solid Pseudopapillary Tumors of the Pancreas.

Background: The recurrence rates and predictors of recurrence in patients with Solid Pseudopapillary tumors (SPT) are unclear, which makes it challenging to determine the duration of follow-up. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the recurrence rates and pathologic factors associated with recurrence in patients with SPT.

Methods: A PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search was conducted to identify studies of SPT published during the last 15 years: (09/2002-09/2017).

The effect of gender on operative autonomy in general surgery residents.

Background: Despite an increasing number of women in the field of surgery, bias regarding cognitive or technical ability may continue to affect the experience of female trainees differently than their male counterparts. This study examines the differences in the degree of operative autonomy given to female compared with male general surgery trainees.

Methods: A smartphone app was used to collect evaluations of operative autonomy measured using the 4-point Zwisch scale, which describes defined steps in the progression from novice ("show and tell") to autonomous surgeon ("supervision only").

Venous Collateral Pathways in Superior Thoracic Inlet Obstruction: A Systematic Analysis of Anatomy, Embryology, and Resulting Patterns.

For this study, we reviewed 56 standard-of-care CT examinations over a timespan of 2 years from patients with superior thoracic inlet venous obstruction and identified eight thoracic collateral pathways for venous blood return to the right heart. We evaluated each pathway individually from an anatomic and a pathophysiologic perspective for a better understanding of how such pathways form and what patterns can be expected. All 56 patients were scanned according to our standard CT protocol.

Association between CT-texture-derived tumor heterogeneity, outcomes, and BRCA mutation status in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Purpose: To assess the associations between inter-site texture heterogeneity parameters derived from computed tomography (CT), survival, and BRCA mutation status in women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of 88 HGSOC patients undergoing CT and BRCA mutation status testing prior to primary cytoreductive surgery. Associations between texture metrics-namely inter-site cluster variance (SCV), inter-site cluster prominence (SCP), inter-site cluster entropy (SE)-and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) as well as BRCA mutation status were assessed.

Survey on opinions and usage patterns for the ResearchGate platform.

Based on a survey, the following study investigates opinions and also usage patterns relating to the ResearchGate social networking site for scientists and researchers. The survey consisted of 19 questions and was conducted online with 695 scientists from the disciplines of physics, biology, medicine, and neuroscience. Amongst other issues, the research questions concerned how much time and effort the interviewees expended on ResearchGate, what added value they perceived in using the site, the extent to which social aspects influence use, how participants planned to use the platform in future, and what role ResearchGate's own metric, the RG score, played for the scientists.

Identifying and Addressing High Priority Issues in General Surgery Training and Education.

Background: Complex problems are often easier to address when multiple entities collaborate. The Procedural Learning and Safety Collaborative (PLSC) was established to address complex problems in general surgery residency training by connectively engaging multiple residency programs in addressing progressive research questions.

Study Design: Recently, PLSC members held a national symposium which included leadership from several leading surgical societies to come to a consensus on what are the most critical issues in general surgery education.

Temporal changes in MRI appearance of the prostate after focal ablation.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate and categorize temporal changes in MRI appearances of the prostate in patients who underwent focal therapy with MRI follow-up.

Methods: The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. Thirty-seven patients (median age 61; 48-70 years) with low-to-intermediate-risk, clinically organ-confined prostate cancer underwent focal ablation therapy from 2009 to 2014.

Is the operative autonomy granted to a resident consistent with operative performance quality.

Background: We investigated attending surgeon decisions regarding resident operative autonomy, including situations where operative autonomy was discordant with performance quality.

Methods: Attending surgeons assessed operative performance and documented operative autonomy granted to residents from 14 general surgery residency programs. Concordance between performance and autonomy was defined as "practice ready performance/meaningfully autonomous" or "not practice ready/not meaningfully autonomous.

Multicenter Prospective Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Dose-Dense Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy (RC) is a standard of care for the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Dose-dense cisplatin-based regimens have yielded favorable outcomes compared with standard-dose chemotherapy, yet the optimal neoadjuvant regimen remains undefined. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of six cycles of neoadjuvant dose-dense gemcitabine and cisplatin (ddGC) in patients with MIBC.