Root-filling materials for endodontic surgery: biological and clinical aspects.

The placement of root filling materials aims to prevent the occurrence of post-treatment apical periodontitis following completion of endodontic treatment. Materials should possess properties that will not permit bacterial invasion and infection, namely excellent sealing ability and/or antibacterial properties. In root-end filling procedures or repair of root perforations, the root filling materials are placed in a particularly challenging clinical environment, as they interface with a relatively large area with the periradicular tissues.

Endodontic sealers after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate: An assessment of physicochemical properties.

Objectives: Final root canal irrigation should ideally maintain the physicochemical stability of root canal sealers. We seek to assess the effect of contact with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on the physicochemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot™ RCS, and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS).

Methods: Mixed sealers were placed in cylindrical teflon molds and allowed to set for 1.

Antibacterial Activity of Root Repair Cements in Contact with Dentin-An Ex Vivo Study.

This study assessed the antibacterial characteristics of the dentin/material interface and dentin surfaces exposed to experimental hydraulic calcium silicate cement (HCSC) with or without bioactive glass (BG) replacement (20% or 40%) or mixed with a silver nanoparticle (SNP) solution (1 or 2 mg/mL), and Biodentine, TotalFill BC RRM putty and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). Human root dentin segments with test materials were assessed at 1 or 28 days. In one series, the specimens were split to expose the dentin and material surfaces.

Effect of exposure conditions on chemical properties of materials for surgical endodontic procedures.

This study investigated the role of aging and changes in environmental conditions on selected properties of a prototype radiopacified calcium silicate-based cement (TZ-base) with or without incorporation of silver nanoparticles or bioactive glass, and two commercial materials, Biodentine and intermediate restorative material. Materials were immersed in ultrapure water or fetal bovine serum for 28 days and were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Immersion media were either replaced weekly or not replenished at all and were assessed for alkalinity and calcium release after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days; antibacterial effect against 2-day monospecies biofilms; and cytotoxicity by the 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay after 1, 7, or 28 days.

Surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of endodontic cements.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of inclusion of silver nano-particles (SNP) or bioactive glass (BG) on the surface characteristics and bacterial adhesion of prototype tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based cements alongside two commercial cements, under different aging periods and exposure conditions.

Materials And Methods: A basic formulation of radio-opacified TCS without (TZ-base) and with additions of SNP (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/ml) or BG (10 or 20%) was used.

Effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on antimicrobial activity, cell viability and physicochemical properties of three endodontic sealers.

Objective: Assess the biological and physicochemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot RCS and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) leachates with and without chlorhexidine (CHX).

Methods: The sealers were studied in no contact and 1-minute contact with CHX. For biological properties (antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity), leachates were formed in saline of freshly mixed, 1-, 7- and 28 days set sealers.

The dentine-sealer interface: Modulation of antimicrobial effects by irrigation.

Aim: Assess whether sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or chlorhexidine (CHX) and two irrigation protocols may alter the antibacterial properties of dentine and three endodontic sealers using a novel ex vivo tooth model.

Methodology: Prior to antibacterial testing, the tooth model was validated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the separation between dentine and sealer surfaces. Root blocks prepared from extracted human roots were pre-treated with 17% EDTA + 0.

Antimicrobial and physicochemical characterization of endodontic sealers after exposure to chlorhexidine digluconate.

Objectives: Assess the antibacterial, physical and chemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot RCS and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) in contact with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) used as final irrigant prior to root canal obturation.

Methods: The antimicrobial properties were investigated by direct contact tests for planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis, S.

Digital subtraction radiography in detection of vertical root fractures: accuracy evaluation for root canal filling, fracture orientation and width variables. An ex-vivo study.

Objective: Ex-vivo evaluation of the detectability of vertical root fractures (VRFs) using digital subtraction radiography (DSR) and conventional digital periapical radiography (CDPR); investigation of the effect of root canal filling, x-ray angulation, and thickness of the VRF in the diagnostic accuracy.

Materials And Methods: Sixty root canals were mechanically prepared and radiographed either with a gutta-percha root canal filling or without, at 0 and ± 10. VRFs were introduced with a universal testing machine.

The role of calcium ion release on biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of hydraulic cements.

Tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based materials produce calcium hydroxide as a byproduct of their hydration reaction. The present study investigated whether calcium ion release (CIR) affects their biological and antimicrobial properties when used as pulp protection materials. The effect of incorporation of micro-silica and calcium phosphate monobasic to radiopacified TCS-based materials was investigated.

Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth utilising Digital Subtraction Radiography: A case series report.

Vertical root fractures are commonly associated with root-filled teeth. Diagnosis is challenging because the clinical signs are not completely pathognomonic, and conventional periapical radiography is often unreliable. Digital subtraction radiography (DSR) is able to detect small radiographic changes between two successive radiographs by subtracting out consistent radiographic elements.

Antibacterial Activity of Endodontic Sealers against Planktonic Bacteria and Bacteria in Biofilms.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of 4 endodontic sealers against bacteria planktonic grown or in biofilms commonly detected from persistent and secondary endodontic infections.

Methods: The antibacterial activity of the sealers AH Plus, TotalFill BC sealer, RoekoSeal, and Guttaflow 2 was investigated for planktonic grown and 24-hour-old biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans.

Results: AH Plus had high antibacterial activity toward all species investigated, both planktonic and in biofilms.