Current Trends in Treating Malignant Pleural Effusion: Evidence, Guidelines, and Best Practice Recommendations.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is common in individuals with cancer and typically reflects advanced disease. Most cases are symptomatic, with dyspnea and pain having a severe effect on the patient's quality of life (QOL). The management of MPE aims to relieve symptoms, improve QOL, prevent repeated pleural interventions, and minimize hospital admissions.

Prognostic factors for relapse in patients with clinical stage I testicular non-seminoma: A nationwide, population-based cohort study.

Background: Approximately 30% of patients with clinical stage I non-seminoma (CSI-NS) relapse. Current risk stratification is based on lymphovascular invasion (LVI) alone. The extent to which additional tumor characteristics can improve risk prediction remains unclear.

DaBlaCa-17: nationwide observational study in Denmark on survival before and after implementation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy implementation with gemcitabine-cisplatin on survival outcomes for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Denmark.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected on all patients in Denmark undergoing radical cystectomy who were potential candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2010 to 2015 (n = 851). A cohort before the implementation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Cohort 2010-12) was compared with a cohort after implementation (Cohort 2013-15).

The iBLAD study: patient-reported outcomes in bladder cancer during oncological treatment: a multicenter national randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are getting widely implemented, but little is known of the impact of applying PROs in specific cancer diagnoses. We report the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the active use of PROs in patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (BC) undergoing medical oncological treatment (MOT) with focus on determining the clinical effects of using PROs during chemo- or immunotherapy compared to standard of care.

Methods: We recruited patients from four departments of oncology from 2019 to 2021.

Gene Expressions and High Lymphocyte Count May Predict Durable Clinical Benefits in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Background: Not all patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, we aimed to assess the predictive potential of gene expression profiling (GEP), peripheral immune cell counts, and clinical characteristics.

Methods: The primary endpoint of this prospective, observational study was a durable clinical benefit (DCB) defined as progression-free survival >6 months.

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Bladder cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer in Europe, with major healthcare costs. For patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, recurrences, treatment and surveillance regimes with multiple invasive procedures are a significant burden. Muscle invasive or metastatic disease is treated with radical surgery, radiation therapy and/or systemic chemo- or immunotherapy, with a five-year overall survival of around 50% and long-term quality of life issues for survivors.

Feasibility and early clinical impact of precision medicine for late-stage cancer patients in a regional public academic hospital.

Aim: Our goal was to describe a precision medicine program in a regional academic hospital, characterize features of included patients and present early data on clinical impact.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively included 163 eligible patients with late-stage cancer of any diagnosis from June 2020 to May 2022 in the Proseq Cancer trial. Molecular profiling of new or fresh frozen tumor biopsies was done by WES and RNAseq with parallel sequencing of non-tumoral DNA as individual reference.

GLIM diagnosed malnutrition predicts clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background & Aims: The high prevalence of malnutrition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has numerous negative consequences on patients' outcome when undergoing anti-neoplastic treatment. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition are currently being verified; however, studies validating GLIM criteria in NSCLC patients are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes and Quality of Life (QoL) in malnourished compared to well-nourished NSCLC patients to determine the predictive validity of GLIM criteria.

Implications for Efficacy and Safety of Total Dose and Dose-Intensity of Neoadjuvant Gemcitabine-Cisplatin in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Three-Week Versus Four-Week Regimen.

Background: Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard care prior to radical cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Objective: To assess efficacy and safety of two commonly used neoadjuvant schedules with different total doses and dose-intensities of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC).

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from all patients treated between 2010 and 2018 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to clinical routine at seven centres in Sweden and Denmark.

Clinical features affecting efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC: a Danish nationwide real-world study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are implemented as standard treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in first-line and subsequent-line treatment. However, certain subgroups such as patients with older age, poor performance status (PS), and severe comorbidity are underrepresented in the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study aimed to assess overall survival (OS), treatment data, and clinical features affecting second- or subsequent-line ICI efficacy in an unselected, Danish, nationwide NSCLC population.

Real-World Study of Treatment with Pembrolizumab Among Patients with Advanced Urothelial Tract Cancer in Denmark.

Background: Investigating the effect of newly approved oncological drugs in the real-world is warranted. With emerging novel treatments rapidly being approved for urothelial tract cancers, we aimed to assess real-world data, regarding effect and safety, during the first year after approval of pembrolizumab in Denmark for patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial tract cancer (mUTC) in the first- and second-line setting.

Materials And Method: At the six oncological departments treating mUTC in Denmark, we identified all mUTC patients receiving pembrolizumab during the first year after approval, between March 1, 2018 and February 28, 2019.

Nationwide Survival Benefit after Implementation of First-Line Immunotherapy for Patients with Advanced NSCLC-Real World Efficacy.

Background The selection of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains challenging. This real-world study aimed to compare the overall survival (OS) before and after the implementation of ICIs, to identify OS prognostic factors, and to assess treatment data in first-line (1L) ICI-treated patients without epidermal growth factor receptor mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation. Methods Data from the Danish NSCLC population initiated with 1L palliative antineoplastic treatment from 1 January 2013 to 1 October 2018, were extracted from the Danish Lung Cancer Registry (DLCR).

Real-world Treatment Patterns and Overall Survival in Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Tract Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy in Denmark in the Preimmunotherapy Era: A Nationwide, Population-based Study.

Background: Real-world treatment patterns and survival outcomes of locally advanced, unresectable, and metastatic urinary tract cancer (mUTC) patients have not previously been studied in a nationwide, population-based cohort.

Objective: To describe treatment patterns and survival outcomes in mUTC patients treated in the real-world clinical setting.

Design Setting And Participants: This nationwide, population-based study included all mUTC patients initiating first-line chemotherapy at Danish oncology departments from January 2010 to March 2016.

Feasibility of a multimodal intervention on malnutrition in patients with lung cancer during primary anti-neoplastic treatment.

Background: Wasting of body mass and skeletal muscle frequently develops in patients with cancer and is associated with impaired functional ability and poor clinical outcome and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and explore the effect of a multimodal intervention targeting nutritional status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving primary anti-neoplastic treatment. Additionally, predictive and prognostic factors of gaining skeletal muscle were explored.

Exploring the dietary protein intake and skeletal muscle during first-line anti-neoplastic treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Loss of skeletal muscle mass is the corner stone of cancer cachexia, but no effective therapies are yet identified. The optimal protein quantity and pattern to support muscle mass maintenance in cancer patients is unknown. The aim of the current exploratory study was to observe the pattern and quantity of dietary protein intake as well as the prevalence of muscle wasting in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing primary anti-neoplastic treatment.

Vinflunine/gemcitabine versus carboplatin/gemcitabine as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma: A randomised phase II trial (VINGEM).

Background: The present study (VINGEM) is the first randomised trial comparing vinflunine/gemcitabine (VG) to standard carboplatin/gemcitabine (CG) in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) ineligible for treatment with cisplatin.

Patients And Methods: Patients with aUC, creatinine clearance 30-60 ml/min, performance status ≤1 and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were randomised to the experimental arm (vinflunine 280 or 250 mg/m day 1, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m days 1 and 8, q21 days) or the control arm (carboplatin AUC 4.5 day 1, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m days 1 and 8, q21 days).

Intravenous or oral administration of vinorelbine in adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and vinorelbine for resected NSCLC.

Objectives: Cisplatin and vinorelbine given intravenously is a well-established adjuvant chemotherapy regimen after surgery for early-stage NSCLC. Vinorelbine can also be administered orally. However, the efficacy of orally administrated vinorelbine in adjuvant treatment of NSCLC is unknown.

Hypomethylation and increased expression of the putative oncogene ELMO3 are associated with lung cancer development and metastases formation.

Numerous genetic and epigenetic events driving tumorigenesis have been characterized. However, knowledge is lacking on the particular events required for the metastatic spread of cancer cells. The engulfment and cell motility 3 (ELMO3) gene plays an important role for the migratory potential of cells, but have not previously been studied in primary samples from cancer patients.

Impact of baseline and nadir neutrophil index in non-small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer patients: Assessment of chemotherapy for resolution of unfavourable neutrophilia.

Background: Chronic inflammation has been recognized to foster tumour development. Whether chemotherapy can be used to neutralize chronic inflammation is unclear.

Methods: We evaluated baseline and nadir neutrophils in 111 patients (pts.

Tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages in non-small cell lung cancer: no immediate impact on patient outcome.

Introduction: A tumor-promoting impact of neutrophils and macrophages has been demonstrated in some cancers. However, the prognostic significance of innate immune cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear.

Methods: A total of 335 consecutive patients resected for stage I-IIIA NSCLC were assessed for CD66b(+) neutrophils and CD163(+) macrophages in the tumor nests and adjacent stromal tissue by immunohistochemistry in whole tissue sections using stereology as well as automatic computerized quantification.

Continuous glucose monitoring in interstitial subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle reflects excursions in cerebral cortex.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is being explored using several types of glucose sensors. Some are designed for subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is important to determine to which extent these glucose fluctuations in different tissues reflect changes taking place in the central nervous system, where glucose sensing is thought to occur.