Running out of lithium? A route to differentiate between capacity losses and active lithium losses in lithium-ion batteries.

Active lithium loss (ALL) resulting in a capacity loss (Q), which is caused by lithium consuming parasitic reactions like SEI formation, is a major reason for capacity fading and, thus, for a reduction of the usable energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Q is often equated with the accumulated irreversible capacity (Q). However, Q is also influenced by non-lithium consuming parasitic reactions, which do not reduce the active lithium content of the cell, but induce a parasitic current.

Investigation of the interaction of Mercurochrome constituents with proteins using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

The interaction of Mercurochrome, a medical preparation based on the mercury organic compound merbromin, with free thiols in low molecular weight peptides and in proteins has been investigated by means of liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Beta-lactoglobulin A (beta-LGA) from bovine milk (18.4 kDa) has been used as the model protein.