Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) deficiency delays liver fibrosis associated with cholestatic injury.

Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) is a key downstream mediator of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling pathways and plays a major role in liver metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IRS2 had an impact on the hepatic fibrotic process associated with cholestatic injury. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was performed in wild-type (WT) and -deficient (IRS2KO) female mice.

Friedelane-type triterpenoids as selective anti-inflammatory agents by regulation of differential signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

A series of 31 pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated from the root barks of Celastrus vulcanicola and Maytenus jelskii were tested for cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compounds 18 (C18) and 25 (C25) exhibited significant inhibition of LPS-induced NO release at 50 and 25μM concentrations, respectively, and decreased mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines.