Effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment in five randomized controlled STEP trials.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment changes in participants receiving semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo across pooled populations from five Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) trials.

Methods: Efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.

A Survey of Obesity Education and Training in United States Pharmacy Schools.

Objective: To assess how obesity is addressed in Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) schools and colleges, identify the extent to which core obesity competencies are covered in the curricula, and identify opportunities for expanding obesity management training.

Methods: An online survey was conducted with PharmD program leaders in the United States. Respondents answered questions regarding obesity education in their pharmacy school curricula.

Once-weekly exenatide as adjunct treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.

Objective: The use of once-weekly exenatide in type 2 diabetes mellitus is well supported, but little is known about its effectiveness in type 1 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of once-weekly exenatide on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes when added to basal-bolus insulin therapy.

Methods: For this retrospective study, patients with type 1 diabetes, aged 18 years and older, receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, using a continuous glucose monitoring device or regularly measuring blood glucose levels and receiving 2 mg of exenatide once weekly for at least 3 months were included.

Metyrapone for Long-Term Medical Management of Cushing's Syndrome.

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by any cause of excess cortisol in the blood and produces many physiologic consequences. Left untreated, Cushing's is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Seventy percent of endogenous cases of Cushing's syndrome are secondary to a pituitary tumor; because of this, the primary mode of management is surgical resection of the tumor.

Liraglutide as additional treatment to insulin in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Because approximately 40% of patients with type 1 diabetes have the metabolic syndrome, we tested the hypothesis that addition of liraglutide to insulin in obese patients with type 1 diabetes will result in an improvement in plasma glucose concentrations, a reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a fall in systolic blood pressure, and weight loss.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data obtained from 27 obese patients with type 1 diabetes treated with liraglutide in addition to insulin. Patients were also treated for hypertension.

Stability of U-500 regular insulin in prefilled syringes.

Objective: To evaluate the stability of U-500 regular insulin in prefilled syringes stored under refrigeration for up to 28 days.

Methods: U-500 regular insulin was drawn up in 1 mL insulin syringes in a clean, nonsterile environment to emulate conditions of a patient's home. Samples were assayed using a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method immediately after preparation (day 0) and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days under refrigeration.

Primer on pramlintide, an amylin analog.

Purpose: Pramlintide is an injectable synthetic analog of human amylin. It is indicated for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who are taking mealtime insulin but have been unable to achieve desired glucose targets. Pramlintide decreases postprandial glucose by lowering inappropriate postmeal glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing satiety.

Efficacy of teriparatide in patients with resolved secondary hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of at least 1 year of teriparatide therapy on bone mineral density (BMD), T-scores, and rates of occurrence of fractures in patients with a history of resolved secondary hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency and to compare its efficacy with that in patients without a history of resolved secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: In this retrospective study based on a search of electronic medical records, we collected the following data: patient demographics, doses of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, duration of teriparatide treatment, history and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism, BMD information, T-scores, and any history of fractures. Paired and unpaired t tests, the Fisher exact test, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis.