Critical assessment of commercially available microtitre panels for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of veterinary pathogens.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in the veterinary sector by broth microdilution is mainly based on commercially available microtitre plates with specific panels. A critical review of commercially available microtitre panels identified AST panels that fulfil the requirements for obtaining reliable AST results by covering the necessary antimicrobial concentrations for both clinical breakpoints as well as quality control (QC) ranges for approved QC strains. However, there are AST panels in which these prerequisites are only in part fulfilled, and some AST panels that do not fulfil the aforementioned criteria at all.

Molecular characterization, virulence and antimicrobial and biocidal susceptibility of selected bacteria isolated from the cloaca of nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from Mono Lake, California, USA.

In the present study, the presence of the Enterobacterales, Staphylococcus spp., Mammaliicoccus spp., and Enterococcus spp.

Fate of florfenicol and linezolid resistance genes and their bacterial hosts during two waste treatment models in swine feedlots.

Florfenicol resistance genes (FRGs) are widely present in livestock farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of FRGs as well as the relationships between FRGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities during the natural drying (ND) and anaerobic digestion (AD) processes of manure treatment in swine farms by combining bacterial isolation, quantitative PCR and metagenomic approaches. Solid manure showed a higher abundance of FRGs than fresh manure and was the main contamination source of fexA and fexB in ND farms, whilst biogas slurry displayed a lower abundance of FRGs than the wastewater in AD farms.

Antibacterial Activity of Microbial Natural Products against Bacterial Pathogens of Veterinary and Zoonotic Relevance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the greatest threats to both human and animal health. Efforts to address AMR include implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and introducing alternative treatment options. Nevertheless, effective treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria will still require the identification and development of new antimicrobial agents.

Molecular Characterization of Chimeric Strains from Waterfowl.

is a versatile pathogen that does not only occur in humans but also in various wild and domestic animals, including several avian species. When characterizing isolates from waterfowl, isolates were identified as atypical CC133 by DNA microarray analysis. They differed from previously sequenced CC133 strains in the presence of the collagen adhesin gene ; some also showed a different capsule type and a deviant type.

Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nares of ruminants.

Aims: To examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs of ruminants in Rwanda.

Methods And Results: A total of 454 nasal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep were examined for the presence of S. aureus, and 30 S.

[Therapy-relevant antibiotic resistances in a One Health context].

One Health refers to a concept that links human, animal, and environmental health. In Germany, there is extensive data on antibiotic resistance (AMR) and multidrug-resistant (micro)organisms (MDRO) in human and veterinary medicine, as well as from studies in various environmental compartments (soil, water, wastewater). All these activities are conducted according to different specifications and standards, which makes it difficult to compare data.

Genomic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates Collected from Diseased Swine in the German National Resistance Monitoring Program GE-Vet from 2007 to 2019.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) clonal complex 398 (CC398) isolates ( = 178) collected in the national resistance monitoring program GE-Vet from diseased swine in Germany from 2007 to 2019 were investigated for their genomic diversity with a focus on virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) traits. Whole-genome sequencing was followed by molecular typing and sequence analysis. A minimum spanning tree based on core-genome multilocus sequence typing was constructed, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed.

Clinical Evidence for the Use of Octenidine Dihydrochloride to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections and Decrease Carriage or Transmission-A Review.

Background: The antiseptic agent octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) is used for skin preparation, for decolonization, and within bundles for the prevention of catheter-related or surgical site infections (SSIs). Here, we review the evidence for the effects of OCT from clinical studies.

Methods: Review of studies published in the Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases until August 2022, performed in clinical settings and reporting on effects of OCT on carriage/transmission, SSI prevention, and prevention of intensive care unit (ICU)-related or catheter-related bloodstream and insertion site infections.

from Samples of Commercially Reared Turkeys: Genomic Relationships, Antimicrobial and Biocide Susceptibility.

is especially known as a cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. It shows intrinsic and acquired resistances to numerous antimicrobial agents, which can render the treatment difficult. In contrast to the situation in human medicine, there are only few studies focusing on among livestock.

Towards a Harmonized Terminology: A Glossary for Biocide Susceptibility Testing.

Disinfection is a key strategy to reduce the burden of infections. The contact of bacteria to biocides-the active substances of disinfectants-has been linked to bacterial adaptation and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, there is no scientific consensus on whether the excessive use of biocides contributes to the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant bacteria.

Spreading of -Carrying Plasmids among Staphylococci from Humans and Animals.

The multidrug resistance gene mediates resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including linezolid. Plasmids are the preferred vector for the dissemination of . However, the presence and transmission of -carrying plasmids among staphylococci from humans and animals have rarely been studied.

Metabolic Characteristics of Porcine LA-MRSA CC398 and CC9 Isolates from Germany and China via Biolog Phenotype MicroArray.

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen, often multi-resistant to antimicrobial agents. Among swine, LA-MRSA of clonal complex (CC) 398 dominates in Europe, Australia and the Americas, while LA-MRSA-CC9 is the main epidemic lineage in Asia. Here, we comparatively investigated the metabolic properties of rare and widespread porcine LA-MRSA isolates from Germany and China using Biolog Phenotype MicroArray technology to evaluate if metabolic variations could have played a role in the development of two different epidemic LA-MRSA clones in swine.

Sequence Analysis of Novel Lineages from Wild and Captive Macaques.

is a widespread and common opportunistic bacterium that can colonise or infect humans as well as a wide range of animals. There are a few studies of both methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolated from monkeys, apes, and lemurs, indicating a presence of a number of poorly or unknown lineages of the pathogen. In order to obtain insight into staphylococcal diversity, we sequenced strains from wild and captive individuals of three macaque species (, , and ) using Nanopore and Illumina technologies.

Description of Staphylococcal Strains from Straw-Coloured Fruit Bat () and Diamond Firetail () and a Review of their Phylogenetic Relationships to Other Staphylococci.

The phylogenetic tree of the complex consists of several distinct clades and the majority of human and veterinary isolates form one large clade. In addition, two divergent clades have recently been described as separate species. One was named , due to the lack of the "golden" pigment staphyloxanthin.

Distribution and Characteristics of spp. in Pigs and Pork Production Chains in Germany.

(.) is a foodborne pathogen that can cause disease, mainly in elderly, pregnant or immunocompromised persons through consumption of contaminated food, including pork products. It is widespread in the environment and can also be found in asymptomatic carrier animals, for example, in different tissues of pigs.

Outbreak of Cronobacter turicensis in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus).

This is the first report of acute deaths in five European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) attributed to mucoid and necrotizing typhlocolitis caused by genetically different Cronobacter (C.) turicensis strains in northeastern Austria. As this opportunistic pathogen is mainly known for causing disease in immunocompromised humans and neonates, this previously unrecognized potential for a spill over from a wildlife reservoir to humans warrants further attention.

Development of Quality Control Ranges for Biocide Susceptibility Testing.

Every laboratory test needs validation by quality controls. For biocide susceptibility testing (BST), neither quality control (QC) strains nor QC ranges applicable to these strains are currently available. As QC strains, four well-defined laboratory reference strains ( ATCC 6538, ATCC 10541, ATCC 10536 and ATCC 15442), which have been used previously for biocide efficacy testing, were selected.

Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance among Canine and Feline , , , , and Isolates from Diagnostic Submissions.

A total of 215 isolates from infections of dogs and cats, including 49 , 37 , 59 , 56 , and 14 , were investigated for their susceptibility to 27 (Gram-positive bacteria) or 20 (Gram-negative bacteria) antimicrobial agents/combinations of antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Moreover, all isolates were analysed for their susceptibility to the biocides benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, polyhexanide, and octenidine by a recently published broth microdilution biocide susceptibility testing method. While the isolates did not show expanded resistances, considerable numbers of the isolates were resistant to penicillins, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones.