The Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in CSF is more strongly associated to tau markers and clinical progression than Aβ1-42 alone.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42 levels and the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio are markers of amyloid pathology, but previous studies suggest that their levels might be influenced by additional pathophysiological processes.

Aims: To compare Aβ1-42 and the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in CSF in different neurodegenerative disorders and study their association with other biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, and NfL) and with cognitive and functional progression.

Methods: We included all participants from the Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) with CSF Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40.

Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of frontotemporal dementia.

Background: Astrocytes play an essential role in neuroinflammation and are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodenegerative diseases. Studies of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocytic damage marker, may help advance our understanding of different neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic performance of plasma GFAP (pGFAP), plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) and their combination for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their clinical utility in predicting disease progression.

Use of plasma biomarkers for AT(N) classification of neurodegenerative dementias.

Objectives: All categories included in the AT(N) classification can now be measured in plasma. However, their agreement with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers is not fully established. A blood signature to generate the AT(N) classification would facilitate early diagnosis of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) through an easy and minimally invasive approach.

Cortical microstructure in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia continuum.

Objective: To characterize the cortical macrostructure and microstructure of behavioral and cognitive changes along the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) continuum.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 88 participants with a 3T MRI structural and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences: 31 with ALS, 20 with the behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD), and 37 cognitively normal controls. Participants with ALS underwent a comprehensive cognitive and behavioral assessment and were dichotomized into ALS without cognitive or behavioral impairment (ALSno-cbi; n = 12) and ALS with cognitive or behavioral impairment (ALScbi; n = 19).

APP-derived peptides reflect neurodegeneration in frontotemporal dementia.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid levels (CSF) of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-derived peptides related to the amyloidogenic pathway, cortical thickness, neuropsychological performance, and cortical gene expression profiles in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-related syndromes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy controls.

Methods: We included 214 participants with CSF available recruited at two centers: 93 with FTLD-related syndromes, 57 patients with AD, and 64 healthy controls. CSF levels of amyloid β (Aβ)1-42, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-38, and soluble β fragment of APP (sAPPβ) were centrally analyzed.

The Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration (SPIN) cohort: A data set for biomarker discovery and validation in neurodegenerative disorders.

Introduction: The SPIN (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration) cohort is a multimodal biomarker platform designed for neurodegenerative disease research following an integrative approach.

Methods: Participants of the SPIN cohort provide informed consent to donate blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples, receive detailed neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, and undergo a structural 3T brain MRI scan. A subset also undergoes other functional or imaging studies (video-polysomnogram, F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, amyloid PET, Tau PET).

Different pattern of CSF glial markers between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.

The role of innate immunity in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been little studied. We investigated the levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of glial proteins YKL-40, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) and progranulin in DLB and their relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. We included patients with DLB (n = 37), prodromal DLB (prodDLB, n = 23), AD dementia (n = 50), prodromal AD (prodAD, n = 53), and cognitively normal subjects (CN, n = 44).

CSF sAPPβ, YKL-40, and NfL along the ALS-FTD spectrum.

Objective: To investigate the clinical utility of 3 CSF biomarkers along the clinical spectrum of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods: We analyzed 3 CSF biomarkers: the soluble β-fragment of amyloid precursor protein (sAPPβ), YKL-40, and neurofilament light (NfL) in FTD (n = 86), ALS (n = 38), and a group of age-matched cognitively normal controls (n = 49). Participants with FTD with a CSF profile of Alzheimer disease were excluded.

Clinical Subtypes of Dementia with Lewy Bodies Based on the Initial Clinical Presentation.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a heterogeneous disease in which clinical presentation, symptoms, and evolution widely varies between patients.

Objective: To investigate the existence of clinical subtypes in DLB based on the initial clinical presentation.

Methods: 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable DLB were consecutively included.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Combination of Two Measures of Verbal Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Episodic memory impairment is the core feature of typical Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of two commonly used verbal memory tests to detect mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD) and to predict progression to Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD-d).

Methods: Prospective study of MCI patients in a tertiary memory disorder unit.