Elucidating the alcohol-sleep-hangover relationship in college students using a daily diary approach.

This daily diary study expands knowledge of the pharmacological alcohol-sleep relationship using a multilevel modeling approach. The interplay between alcohol and sleep on hangover susceptibility is also explored. College students (n = 337; 52 % female) provided 2976 days of self-reported alcohol use.

The Relationship between Sleep and Physical Activity by Age, Race, and Gender.

Cardiometabolic diseases remain the leading cause of death in the United States. Lifestyle factors contribute the majority of risk for these diseases. Although diet and exercise have been the primary focus of research on modifiable behaviors to target for interventions to prevent cardiometabolic disease, recent evidence suggests that sleep also plays an important role.

Dose-dependent Relationships of Same-day and Typical Substance Use to Sleep Duration in College Cannabis and Alcohol Users: A Multilevel Modeling Approach Using Daily Diary Data.

This study characterized how quantities of cannabis and alcohol use affect sleep. Single-day and typical cannabis and alcohol use patterns were considered to assess acute-chronic use interactions. Linear and non-linear associations assessed dose-dependence.

The Role of Meeting Exercise and Nutrition Guidelines on Sleep during Pregnancy.

Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy. This study determined whether meeting physical activity or dietary guidelines during pregnancy was associated with improved sleep. Third trimester pregnant women (n = 49, 31.

Pediatric sleep: current knowledge, gaps, and opportunities for the future.

This White Paper addresses the current gaps in knowledge, as well as opportunities for future studies in pediatric sleep. The Sleep Research Society's Pipeline Development Committee assembled a panel of experts tasked to provide information to those interested in learning more about the field of pediatric sleep, including trainees. We cover the scope of pediatric sleep, including epidemiological studies and the development of sleep and circadian rhythms in early childhood and adolescence.

Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility Parallel Plasma TCA Levels in Early Chronotype With Metabolic Syndrome.

Context: People characterized as late chronotype have elevated type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk compared to early chronotype. It is unclear how chronotype is associated with insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or plasma TCA cycle intermediates concentration, amino acids (AA), and/or beta-oxidation.

Objective: This study examined these metabolic associations with chronotype.

Effect of changes in children's bedtime and sleep period on targeted eating behaviors and timing of caloric intake.

Short sleep is associated with obesity risk. Experimental studies with adults and observational studies with children demonstrate that changes in eating, including increased caloric intake from energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages as well as increased caloric intake in the evening, may partially account for this increased risk. We therefore examined whether experimental changes in children's sleep period lead to changes in reported caloric intake from energy-dense snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages, and in the evening.

Role of Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity with Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping in Metabolic Syndrome.

Introduction: Nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) dipping is independently related to cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear if vascular insulin sensitivity associates with SBP dipping in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: Eighteen adults with MetS (ATP III criteria 3.3 ± 0.

Randomized controlled trial to enhance children's sleep, eating, and weight.

Background: The present study assessed the efficacy of a behavioral intervention to enhance children's sleep and reduce caloric intake and body mass index (BMI) change.

Methods: Seventy-eight children 8-11 years old who slept 9.5 h/night or less were randomized to the sleep intervention or to no treatment control.

Considerations for Maximizing the Exercise "Drug" to Combat Insulin Resistance: Role of Nutrition, Sleep, and Alcohol.

Insulin resistance is a key etiological factor in promoting not only type 2 diabetes mellitus but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a first-line therapy for combating chronic disease by improving insulin action through, in part, reducing hepatic glucose production and lipolysis as well as increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake and vasodilation. Just like a pharmaceutical agent, exercise can be viewed as a "drug" such that identifying an optimal prescription requires a determination of mode, intensity, and timing as well as consideration of how much exercise is done relative to sitting for prolonged periods (e.

The Insomnia-Addiction Positive Feedback Loop: Role of the Orexin System.

Significant sleep impairments often accompany substance use disorders (SUDs). Sleep disturbances in SUD patients are associated with poor clinical outcomes and treatment adherence, emphasizing the importance of normalizing sleep when treating SUDs. Orexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides exclusively produced by neurons in the posterior hypothalamus that regulate various behavioral and physiological processes, including sleep-wakefulness and motivated drug taking.

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Exercise, Sleep, and Mood in Young Adults.

Insufficient sleep is a serious public health problem in college students. Exercise is a widely prescribed behavioral treatment for sleep and mood issues; however, more focused and gender-specific prescriptions are needed. The present study examined relationships between exercise, sleep, and mood in undergraduate men and women.

Prolonged, Controlled Daytime versus Delayed Eating Impacts Weight and Metabolism.

A delayed eating schedule is associated with increased risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in humans. However, there are no prolonged, highly controlled experimental studies testing the effects of meal timing on weight and metabolism in adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 19-27 kg/m. Twelve healthy adults (age: 26.

Caloric and Macronutrient Intake and Meal Timing Responses to Repeated Sleep Restriction Exposures Separated by Varying Intervening Recovery Nights in Healthy Adults.

Sleep restriction (SR) reliably increases caloric intake. It remains unknown whether such intake cumulatively increases with repeated SR exposures and is impacted by the number of intervening recovery sleep opportunities. Healthy adults (33.

Relationships between sleep, exercise timing, and chronotype in young adults.

To examine the relationships between exercise timing, chronotype, sleep, and mood, college students ( = 909, 19.6 ± 1.4 years, 38% female) completed questionnaires immediately after exercising.

Sleep, energy balance, and meal timing in school-aged children.

Objective: To determine associations among objectively-measured nocturnal sleep time, bedtime and obesogenic behaviors, including dietary intake, timing of intake, and physical activity, in a diverse sample of school-aged children who presented for behavioral treatment to enhance sleep duration.

Methods: Eighty-seven children (8-11 y, 66.7% female, zBMI: 0.

Test-retest reliability of cerebral blood flow for assessing brain function at rest and during a vigilance task.

Arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to assess regional brain activity and cerebrovascular function in both healthy and clinical populations. ASL perfusion imaging provides a quantitative measure of regional brain activity by determining absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF) values at a resting state or during task performance. However, the comparative reliability of these ASL measures is not well characterized.

Objective Measurements of Energy Balance Are Associated With Sleep Architecture in Healthy Adults.

Study Objectives: We objectively measured body composition, energy expenditure, caloric intake, and sleep in a large, diverse sample of healthy men and women and determined how energy balance and diet associated with sleep physiology.

Methods: Healthy adults (n = 50; 21-50 years) participated in an in-laboratory study involving two baseline sleep nights (BL1-2, 10 hours time-in-bed/night, 2200-0800 hours). Polysomnography was recorded on BL2.

Phenotypic Stability of Energy Balance Responses to Experimental Total Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Restriction in Healthy Adults.

Experimental studies have shown that sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) produce increased caloric intake, greater fat consumption, and increased late-night eating. However, whether individuals show similar energy intake responses to both SR and TSD remains unknown. A total of = 66 healthy adults (aged 21-50 years, 48.

Sleep and Eating Disorders.

Insomnia is related to an increased risk of eating disorders, while eating disorders are related to more disrupted sleep. Insomnia is also linked to poorer treatment outcomes for eating disorders. However, over the last decade, studies examining sleep and eating disorders have relied on surveys, with no objective measures of sleep for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, and only actigraphy data for binge eating disorder.

Relationships between time use and obesity in a representative sample of Americans.

Objective: To provide a nationally representative analysis of time use in America for insight into behaviors associated with obesity.

Methods: This study utilized 28,503 observations of individuals aged 22 to 70 from the American Time Use Survey, a continuous cross-sectional survey on time use in America. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to analyze sociodemographic characteristics, determine activity participation levels and time spent in activities, understand nonlinear associations between activity time and BMI, and appreciate differences in activity timing between BMI categories.