Phase III Study of F-PSMA-1007 Versus F-Fluorocholine PET/CT for Localization of Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Multicenter Study.

The objective of this study was to compare F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and F-fluorocholine PET/CT for the localization of prostate cancer (PCa) biochemical recurrence. This prospective, open-label, randomized, crossover multicenter study included PCa patients with prior definitive therapy and suspected PCa recurrence. All men underwent both F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and F-fluorocholine PET/CT (102 received F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT first and 88 received F-fluorocholine PET/CT first).

EANM guideline on the role of 2-[F]FDG PET/CT in diagnosis, staging, prognostic value, therapy assessment and restaging of ovarian cancer, endorsed by the American College of Nuclear Medicine (ACNM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

In most patients with ovarian carcinoma, the diagnosis is reached when the disease is long past the initial stages, presenting already an advanced stage, and they usually have a very bad prognosis. Cytoreductive or debulking surgical procedures, platinum-based chemotherapy and targeted agents are key therapeutic elements. However, around 7 out of 10 patients present recurrent disease within 36 months from the initial diagnosis.

Survey by the French Medicine Agency (ANSM) of the imaging protocol, detection rate, and safety of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer in case of negative or equivocal F-fluorocholine PET/CT: 1084 examinations.

Introduction: Despite growing evidence of a superior diagnostic performance of Ga-PSMA-11 over F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT, the number of PET/CT centres able to label on site with gallium-68 is still currently limited. Therefore, patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer frequently undergo FCH as the 1st-line PET/CT. Actually, the positivity rate (PR) of a second-line PSMA-11 PET/CT in case of negative FCH PET/CT has only been reported in few short series, in a total of 185 patients.

Selective internal radiation therapy of hepatic tumors: Morphologic and functional imaging for voxel-based computer-aided dosimetry.

Introduction: Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) is used for the treatment of hepatic tumors. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare two dosimetric approaches based on Tc-MAA SPECT/CT and Y PET/CT, using SimplicitY™ versus the supplier suggested method of activity calculation.

Material And Methods: A total of 19 patients underwent 21 SIRT after baseline angiography and 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT, followed by 90Y PET/CT.

Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Mapping in Head and Neck Cancer.

The aim of this comprehensive review is to describe and analyze the role of the sentinel node mapping in head and neck cancers. For this purpose, head and neck neoplasms have been categorized in cutaneous malignancies and neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract. A concise description of lymphatic drainage will be the "prelude" for each section, as well as the description of the injection techniques, when specific.

Sentinel Node Mapping in Gynecologic Cancers: A Comprehensive Review.

Gynecologic cancers are one of the most important causes of women death worldwide. The sentinel lymph node concept was introduced by Cabanas in 1977 for the penile cancer. This technique was proven safe and feasible in selected cancers such as breast cancer, melanoma, or some gynecologic cancers.

FDG PET/CT of Gardnerella vaginalis Infection.

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with a history of cystic fibrosis and bilung transplantation, who presented clinically cervical swollen lymph nodes with alteration of her general state. F-FDG PET/CT was performed because of lymphoma suspicion and showed cervical and pelvic hypermetabolic lymphadenopathies, with linear vaginal hypermetabolism. There was an increase of lactate dehydrogenase, and Epstein-Barr virus detection was negative.

Isolated Muscular Sarcoidosis Revealed by Hypercalcemia and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

A 43-year-old woman, with previous history of renal lithiasis, was admitted on an emergency for severe hypercalcemia fortuitously discovered in a context of rapidly progressive kidney failure. An F-FDG PET/CT performed to rule out underlying malignancy revealed an intense diffuse and isolated muscular FDG uptake with fascia infiltration on the CT finding. A muscular biopsy was performed and demonstrated a non-necrosing granuloma with multinucleated giant cells consistent with muscular sarcoidosis.

F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is useful for the diagnosis of intraocular sarcoidosis in patients with a normal CT scan.

Aim: To assess the usefulness of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) and the predictive factors for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with uveitis who have normal thoracic tomography.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 67 consecutive patients with uveitis of unknown aetiology or a suspected sarcoidosis. All patients with normal thoracic tomography underwent an F-FDG PET/CT, which was blindly reinterpreted.

Feasibility and Evaluation of Automated Methods for Radiolabeling of Radiopharmaceutical Kits with Gallium-68.

Objectives: Recent gallium-68 labeled peptides are of increasing interest in PET imaging in nuclear medicine. Somakit TOC® is a radiopharmaceutical kit registered in the European Union for the preparation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC used for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. Development of a labeling process using a synthesizer is particularly interesting for the quality and reproducibility of the final product although only manual processes are described in the Summary of Product (SmPC) of the registered product.

Usual and unusual pitfalls of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in lymphoma after treatment: a pictorial review.

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) is now a standard of care in initial staging and treatment evaluation of lymphomas. It is also used in the interim evaluation in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. However, several pitfalls may occur during or after treatment, because of the nonspecificity of F-FDG for lymphoma disease and treatment as immunotherapy, thus possibly induces misinterpretation and wrong treatment decision.

The role of 18F-FDG-PET/ceCT in peritoneal mesothelioma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess glucose metabolism of multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma and epithelioid peritoneal mesothelioma by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG)-PET/contrast-enhanced computed tomography (ceCT) and to assess its prognostic impact.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three (14 women) patients, without previous treatment, underwent F-FDG-PET/ceCT before peritoneal mesothelioma cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. F-FDG-PET/ceCT was interpreted prospectively as positive or negative.

Semi-quantitative analysis of salivary gland scintigraphy in Sjögren's syndrome diagnosis: a first-line tool.

Objective: The aim of this study was the assessment of semi-quantified salivary gland dynamic scintigraphy (SGdS) parameters independently and in an integrated way in order to predict primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Materials And Methods: Forty-six consecutive patients (41 females; age 61 ± 11 years) with sicca syndrome were studied by SGdS after injection of 200 MBq of pertechnetate. In sixteen patients, pSS was diagnosed, according to American-European Consensus Group criteria (AECGc).

Cat-Scratch Disease: A Pitfall for Lymphoma Evaluation by FDG-PET/CT.

FDG-PET/CT is a standard of care in staging and response assessment of Hodgkin lymphoma. Hence, it is important to recognize pitfalls owing to the potential therapeutic impact. We report a case of a 29-year-old woman affected by stage III bulky Hodgkin lymphoma.

Diffuse Subcutaneous Fat Involvement in a Marginal Zone Lymphoma.

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is usually considered not avid for FDG. We report a case of a 57-year-old man with an MZL suspected for transformation. FDG-PET/CT showed a diffuse atypical involvement of subcutaneous fat, without sign suggestive for a transformation.

Diffusion-weighted MRI and 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging: competition or synergy as diagnostic methods to manage sarcoma of the uterus? A systematic review of the literature.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (F-FDG-PET/CT) and MRI with diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in uterine sarcomas (US).

Patients And Methods: A systematic review was performed on Medline, ISI web of knowledge, and Scopus databases for studies reporting the diagnostic performance of F-FDG-PET/CT and DWI-MRI in US published up to 15 February 2016. Exclusion criteria were articles with fewer than five cases of US, without DWI-MRI, and previous series of patients from the same researcher team.

18F-FDG-PET/CT of peritoneal tumors: a pictorial essay.

Cancer imaging on the peritoneum is quite difficult on PET/CT because of the particular anatomical features of this membrane. The abdominal cavity can be the seat of very different primary or secondary tumoral lesions, with heterogeneous aggressiveness and variable fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and patterns. We aimed to depict a spectrum of appearances with abnormal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptakes localized on the peritoneum in frequent conditions such as peritoneal carcinomatosis and in rarer disease such as desmoplastic round cell tumor.

Role of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in head and neck oncology: the point of view of the radiation oncologist.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of the head and neck. The initial TNM staging, the evaluation of the tumour response during treatment, and the long-term surveillance are crucial moments in the approach to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Thus, at each of these moments, the choice of the best diagnostic tool providing the more precise and larger information is crucial.

FDG-PET/ceCT is useful to predict recurrence of Pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Purpose: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare peritoneal neoplasm originating from appendicular tumours. There is no consolidated data available in the literature about the precise role of [(18)F] fluorodesoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography / contrast enhanced Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/ceCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between preoperative FDG-PET/ceCT (qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment) and progression free survival (PFS) of patients treated for PMP.

FDG PET/CT Findings in Abdominal Fat Necrosis After Treatment for Lymphoma.

FDG PET/CT is now validated in non-Hodgkin lymphoma for response assessment in interim and posttreatment lymphoma. We report the case of a 62-year-old man followed by FDG PET/CT for a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with initial stage III. The interim FDG PET/CT examination concluded in complete metabolic and morphological response of subdiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy but a persistent abnormal subdiaphragmatic uptake (SUVmax at 9 and Deauville 5-point scale at 5).

18F-FDG PET/CT in the Initial Assessment and for Follow-up in Patients With Tuberculosis.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial evaluation and follow-up of patients with tuberculosis (TB).

Patients And Methods: Thirty-five patients (18 men) with pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB were included. Diagnosis of TB was based either on histology or microbiological assessment in 32 patients and was based on typical morphological features of TB in CT and improvement on antimycobacterial medication in 3 patients.

Multicenter Semiquantitative Evaluation of (123)I-FP-CIT Brain SPECT.

Aims: The aims of this study were: (1) to cross-compare data from semiquantitative, software-assisted, and phantom-corrected evaluations of (123)I-ioflupane [(123)I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-{4-iodophenyl}nortropane FP-CIT brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquired in three centers; (2) to assess the accuracy of semiquantitative evaluation; and (3) to identify the threshold with the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in patients with suspected Parkinsonian Syndrome.

Material And Methods: Two-hundred-twenty patients, acquired in three centers, were included. All of them underwent (123)I-FP-CIT brain SPECT.

A simple and accurate dosimetry protocol to estimate activity for hyperthyroidism treatment.

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate accuracy of different dosimetry protocols in estimating the required 131I activity to treat hyperthyroid patients.

Materials And Methods: Forty consecutive patients were analysed: twenty-eight Graves' disease; twelve autonomous thyroid nodule (ATN). Maximum-uptake, effective half-time and residence-time were estimated from Radioiodine Uptake Test.