Antibiofilm activity of species from the cystic fibrosis lung microbiota against .

It is increasingly recognized that interspecies interactions may modulate the pathogenicity of during chronic lung infections. Nevertheless, while the interaction between and pathogenic microorganisms co-infecting the lungs has been widely investigated, little is known about the influence of other members of the lung microbiota on the infection process. In this study, we focused on investigating the impact of species isolated from the sputum of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) on biofilm formation and virulence factor production by .

3D-printed wound dressings containing a fosmidomycin-derivative prevent biofilm formation.

causes a wide range of infections, including wound infections. Multidrug-resistant is a major healthcare concern and the development of novel treatments against these infections is needed. Fosmidomycin is a repurposed antimalarial drug targeting the non-mevalonate pathway, and several derivatives show activity toward .

The Small RNA NcS25 Regulates Biological Amine-Transporting Outer Membrane Porin BCAL3473 in Burkholderia cenocepacia.

Regulation of porin expression in bacteria is complex and often involves small-RNA regulators. Several small-RNA regulators have been described for Burkholderia cenocepacia, and this study aimed to characterize the biological role of the conserved small RNA NcS25 and its cognate target, outer membrane protein BCAL3473. The B.

Pellicle Biofilm Formation in J2315 is Epigenetically Regulated through WspH, a Hybrid Two-Component System Kinase-Response Regulator.

The chemosensory signal transduction system Wsp regulates biofilm formation and related phenotypes by influencing cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) levels in bacterial cells. This is typically achieved by activation of the diguanylate cyclase WspR, through phosphorylation of its phosphoreceiver domain. The Wsp system of Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 is in one operon with the hybrid response regulator/histidine kinase but lacks the diguanylate cyclase which is located in a different operon.

The CovRS Environmental Sensor Directly Controls the ComRS Signaling System To Orchestrate Competence Bimodality in Salivarius Streptococci.

In bacteria, phenotypic heterogeneity in an isogenic population compensates for the lack of genetic diversity and allows concomitant multiple survival strategies when choosing only one is too risky. This powerful tactic is exploited for competence development in streptococci where only a subset of the community triggers the pheromone signaling system ComR-ComS, resulting in a bimodal activation. However, the regulatory cascade and the underlying mechanisms of this puzzling behavior remained partially understood.

The Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor Furanone C-30 Rapidly Loses Its Tobramycin-Potentiating Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms during Experimental Evolution.

The use of quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSI) has been proposed as an alternative strategy to combat antibiotic resistance. QSI reduce the virulence of a pathogen without killing it and it is claimed that resistance to such compounds is less likely to develop, although there is a lack of experimental data supporting this hypothesis. Additionally, such studies are often carried out in conditions that do not mimic the situation.

Detection of cytosine methylation in by single-molecule real-time sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.

Research on prokaryotic epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression independent of sequence changes, led to the identification of DNA methylation as a versatile regulator of diverse cellular processes. Methylation of adenine bases is often linked to regulation of gene expression in bacteria, but cytosine methylation is also frequently observed. In this study, we present a complete overview of the cytosine methylome in , an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients.

Soluble Pecam-1 as a Biomarker in Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

A reliable workup with regard to a single diagnostic marker indicating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) with sufficient sensitivity and specificity is still missing. The immunologically reactive molecule Pecam-1 is shed from the T-cell surface upon activation via proinflammatory signaling, e.g.

Antibiotic susceptibility of cystic fibrosis lung microbiome members in a multispecies biofilm.

The lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are often chronically colonized by multiple microbial species that can form biofilms, including the major CF pathogen . Herewith, lower microbial diversity in CF airways is typically associated with worse health outcomes. In an attempt to treat CF lung infections patients are frequently exposed to antibiotics, which may affect microbial diversity.

Does the mode of dispersion determine the properties of dispersed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cells?

Introduction: Actively dispersed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cells differ from planktonic cells, as they have a lower intracellular cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) concentration and show increased virulence. In addition, the nature of the dispersion trigger has been shown to influence the antibiotic susceptibility of dispersed cells. However, properties of passively-dispersed cells, in which the dispersion trigger directly releases cells from the biofilm, have not been described.

Low iron-induced small RNA BrrF regulates central metabolism and oxidative stress responses in Burkholderia cenocepacia.

Regulatory small RNAs play an essential role in maintaining cell homeostasis in bacteria in response to environmental stresses such as iron starvation. Prokaryotes generally encode a large number of RNA regulators, yet their identification and characterisation is still in its infancy for most bacterial species. Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen with high innate antimicrobial resistance, which can cause the often fatal cepacia syndrome in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

DNA Methylation Epigenetically Regulates Gene Expression in Burkholderia cenocepacia and Controls Biofilm Formation, Cell Aggregation, and Motility.

Respiratory tract infections by the opportunistic pathogen often lead to severe lung damage in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. New insights in how to tackle these infections might emerge from the field of epigenetics, as DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene expression. The present study focused on two DNA methyltransferases (MTases) in strains J2315 and K56-2 and their role in regulating gene expression.

Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain AA2 (LMG 27630), an Early Isolate Recovered from the Airway of a German Cystic Fibrosis Patient.

is an opportunistic pathogen that is able to cause various infections, including airway infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we present the complete closed and annotated genome sequence of AA2, an isolate obtained early during infection of the respiratory tract of a German cystic fibrosis patient.

Mesenchymal stromal cell and bone marrow concentrate therapies for musculoskeletal indications: a concise review of current literature.

The interest on applying mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in orthopedic disorders has risen tremendously in the last years due to scientific successes in preclinical in vitro and animal model studies. In a wide range of diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system, MSCs are currently under evaluation, but so far have found access to clinical use only in few cases. The current assignment is to translate the acquired knowledge into clinical practice.

Compromised Bone Healing in Aged Rats Is Associated With Impaired M2 Macrophage Function.

Fracture repair is initiated by a multitude of immune cells and induction of an inflammatory cascade. Alterations in the early healing response due to an aged adaptive immune system leads to impaired bone repair, delayed healing or even formation of non-union. However, immuno-senescence is not limited to the adaptive immunity, but is also described for macrophages, main effector cells from the innate immune system.

In vitro evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AA2 biofilms in the presence of cystic fibrosis lung microbiome members.

In cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa evolves from an acute to a chronic infection phenotype. Yet, the in vivo factors influencing the evolutionary trajectory of P. aeruginosa are poorly understood.

Small RNA NcS27 co-regulates utilization of carbon sources in J2315.

Small non-coding sRNAs have versatile roles in regulating bacterial metabolism. Four short homologous sRNAs strongly expressed under conditions of growth arrest were recently identified. Here we report the detailed investigation of one of these, NcS27.

Subtle selectivity in a pheromone sensor triumvirate desynchronizes competence and predation in a human gut commensal.

Constantly surrounded by kin or alien organisms in nature, eukaryotes and prokaryotes developed various communication systems to coordinate adaptive multi-entity behavior. In complex and overcrowded environments, they require to discriminate relevant signals in a myriad of pheromones to execute appropriate responses. In the human gut commensal , the cytoplasmic Rgg/RNPP regulator ComR couples competence to bacteriocin-mediated predation.

The role of small proteins in J2315 biofilm formation, persistence and intracellular growth.

infections are difficult to treat due to resistance, biofilm formation and persistence. strain J2315 has a large multi-replicon genome (8.06 Mb) and the function of a large fraction of (conserved) hypothetical genes remains elusive.

Experience in the Adaptive Immunity Impacts Bone Homeostasis, Remodeling, and Healing.

Bone formation as well as bone healing capacity is known to be impaired in the elderly. Although bone formation is outpaced by bone resorption in aged individuals, we hereby present a novel path that considerably impacts bone formation and architecture: Bone formation is substantially reduced in aged individual owing to the experience of the adaptive immunity. Thus, immune-aging in addition to chronological aging is a potential risk factor, with an experienced immune system being recognized as more pro-inflammatory.

Various Evolutionary Trajectories Lead to Loss of the Tobramycin-Potentiating Activity of the Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor Baicalin Hydrate in Biofilms.

Combining antibiotics with potentiators that increase their activity is a promising strategy to tackle infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As potentiators do not interfere with essential processes, it has been hypothesized that they are less likely to induce resistance. However, evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking.

Coumarin Reduces Virulence and Biofilm Formation in by Affecting Quorum Sensing, Type III Secretion and C-di-GMP Levels.

As one of the major pathogens in wound infections, produces several virulence factors and forms biofilms; these processes are under the regulation of various quorum sensing (QS) systems. Therefore, QS has been regarded as a promising target to treat infections. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the plant-derived QS inhibitor coumarin on biofilms and virulence.

Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus anginosus to vancomycin in a multispecies biofilm is due to increased thickness of the cell wall.

Background: Streptococcus anginosus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are often co-isolated from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. It was recently shown that S. anginosus is protected from the activity of vancomycin when it grows in a multispecies biofilm with P.

Immunology Guides Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.

Soft tissue trauma of skeletal muscle is one of the most common side effects in surgery. Muscle injuries are not only caused by accident-related injuries but can also be of an iatrogenic nature as they occur during surgical interventions when the anatomical region of interest is exposed. If the extent of trauma surpasses the intrinsic regenerative capacities, signs of fatty degeneration and formation of fibrotic scar tissue can occur, and, consequentially, muscle function deteriorates or is diminished.

Circuitry Rewiring Directly Couples Competence to Predation in the Gut Dweller Streptococcus salivarius.

Small distortions in transcriptional networks might lead to drastic phenotypical changes, especially in cellular developmental programs such as competence for natural transformation. Here, we report a pervasive circuitry rewiring for competence and predation interplay in commensal streptococci. Canonically, in streptococci paradigms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans, the pheromone-based two-component system BlpRH is a central node that orchestrates the production of antimicrobial compounds (bacteriocins) and incorporates signal from the competence activation cascade.