Correction: Importance of TLR2 on Hepatic Immune and Non-Immune Cells to Attenuate the Strong Inflammatory Liver Response During Trypanosoma cruzi Acute Infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.

Single-Flask Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Esters by Organocatalysis.

An operationally simple Knoevenagel condensation/asymmetric epoxidation/domino ring-opening esterification (DROE) approach has been disclosed to successfully access a good variety of ()- and ()-α-arylglycine esters from commercially available aldehydes, phenylsulfonyl acetonitrile, cumyl hydroperoxide, anilines, and readily available alkaloid-based catalysts using a single solvent and reaction vessel. DFT calculations performed on the key asymmetric epoxidation showed the importance of cooperative H-bonding interactions in affecting the stereocontrol.

Synthesis of Atropisomeric Hydrazides by One-Pot Sequential Enantio- and Diastereoselective Catalysis.

The first catalytic enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of atropisomeric hydrazides was achieved using a sequential catalysis protocol. This strategy is based on a one-pot sequence of two organocatalytic cycles featuring the enamine amination of branched aldehydes followed by nitrogen alkylation under phase-transfer conditions. The resulting axially chiral hydrazides were obtained directly from commercially available reagents in high yields and with good stereocontrol.

Early caloric deficit is associated with a higher risk of death in invasive ventilated COVID-19 patients.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional support management in mechanically ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and explore the association between early caloric deficit and mortality, taking possible confounders (i.e. obesity) into consideration.

Injury analysis of a professional female soccer team in first division Italian season.

Background: Soccer, the most popular sport worldwide, has seen an exponential increase in women's participation at the elite level in the last few years. The main purpose of the current epidemiological study was to analyze the injury incidence, characteristics, and burden among elite female soccer players during a regular season.

Methods: We recorded all injuries that occurred throughout the 2018-2019 competitive soccer season (August-April).

Preferences for a COVID-19 vaccine in Australia.

In absence of a COVID-19 vaccine, testing, contact tracing and social restrictions are among the most powerful strategies adopted around the world to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Citizens of most countries are suffering major physical, psychological and economic distress. At this stage, a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is the most sustainable option to manage the current pandemic.

Two rotator cuff tear repair techniques for sovraspinatus tendon tear: transosseous sharc-ft vs single row repair.

Background: Despite rotator cuff repair techniques have developed significantly in last decade, pushed by the progress in technology and materials, the treatment of rotator cuff tears and re-tears is still a big challenge for shoulder surgeons. The aim of this study is to perform clinical and radiological evaluation (ultrasound and MRI) of patients treated with transosseous sharc-ft, and single row techniques for sovraspinatus rotator cuff tear at 6, 12 and 24 months follow up.

Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for rotator cuff tear were enrolled in the study and divided in two different groups: group A (14 patients) underwent a single row technique repair; group B (14 patients) underwent a transosseous sharc-ft technique repair.

Isolated displaced type II partial articular radial head fracture: correlation of preoperative imaging with intraoperative findings of lateral ulnar collateral ligament tear.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) injury associated with isolated radial head fracture (RHF) and the relationship of the ligament injury with the displacement of the fragment-loss of contact-in unstable displaced partial articular RHF in individuals without any history of ulnohumeral dislocation.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 131 consecutive patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of isolated closed Mason type II RHF performed at our institution. We identified 3 subsets by the pattern of RHF and the position of the unstable fragment (anterior or posterior) relative to the capitulum humeri: displaced stable (group I), displaced anterior unstable (group II), and displaced posterior unstable (group III).

Comparison of Scapular Mechanics After Activity With and Without a Targeted Compression Garment.

Muscle fatigue can result in scapular dyskinesis, which has been implicated in impingement, labral injury, and rotator cuff injury. This study evaluated the ability of a compression shirt to maintain scapular alignment after fatiguing of periscapular musculature. Subjects' scapular movements were monitored before and after a periscapular muscle- fatiguing exercise program.

Hallux valgus correction with a new percutaneous distal osteotomy: Surgical technique and medium term outcomes.

Background: Many procedures and different osteotomies have been described for percutaneous hallux valgus correction. Percutaneous techniques may lead to reduced morbidity, surgery, and recovery time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of a new percutaneous procedure (PBS-Percutaneous Bianchi System).

Injuries of the trochanteric region: can analysis of radiographic indices help in prediction of recurrent osteoporotic hip fractures?

Objective: In a context of bone fragility, primitive and subsequent fractures are a growing problem in the industrialized countries where the mean age of the population is constantly increasing. Among the various factors that favor a fragility fracture, the most important is osteoporosis, a pathology that can be prevented through diagnostic screenings and treated by pharmacological and rehabilitative therapies. The aim of this study is to identify the subjects who are likely to have a higher risk of subsequent fractures of the trochanteric region through a retrospective radiographic evaluation of patients affected by low-energy trochanteric fractures and operated by intramedullary fixation between June 2013 and June 2015, so they can be targeted for prevention interventions.

Risks of subsequent contralateral fractures of the trochanteric region in elderly.

Background: Fractures in elderly are always a dramatic event and the healing is often not complete. In a context of bone fragility, repeated fractures are a growing problem in the industrialized world, in which the mean age of population is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify those general factors which may increase the risk of subsequent trochanteric fractures after an initial lesion.

Does scapula stabilizing t-shirt help over-head athletes in shoulder discomfort? A randomized control study.

Scapular dyskinesis in pitchers can potentially lead to impairments in the optimal performance of muscles of the shoulder complex. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate whether the use of a scapula stabilizing t-shirt can decrease stress and discomfort in over-head baseball pitchers. Thirty-two semi-professional baseball pitchers were divided into 2 groups.

Behavioural But Not Cognitive Impairment Is a Determinant of Caregiver Burden in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background: Caregivers of patients affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are involved with great determination in the treatment process since the earliest stages of the disease with an increasing burden to be of help to the ailing persons.

Aim: To test separately the impact of ALS patients' cognitive and behavioural impairments on caregiver burden and mood status in 84 outpatient/main caregiver couples.

Design: Patients were tested with the ALS-Cognitive Behavioural Screen (ALSCBS-ci and -bi), Frontal Assessment Battery, Weigl's Sorting Test, Mini-Mental State Examination, Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI).

Semitendinosus Tendon Transfer Associated With Distal Alignment for Patella Alta in a Patient With Recurrent Dislocations.

Patellofemoral instability is characterized by pain during normal daily activities and frequent dislocation events. In the reported case, an adolescent girl, aged 15 years, affected by left patellofemoral instability, underwent surgery with a double technique comprising tibial tubercle distalization and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. In case of patella alta associated with patellofemoral instability, surgical treatment should focus on medial patellofemoral ligament repair and on recurrent instability prevention.

BDNF Serum Levels with Respect to Multidimensional Assessment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background: The clinical presentation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by high heterogeneity, the greatest part of which still remains unexplained.

Objective: To assess serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in ALS patients, implementing a multidimensional characterization focused on four a priori chosen elements of phenotypic variability: ALS bulbar/spinal subtype, cognitive impairment, mood dysfunction and disease progression speed.

Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 45 ALS outpatients (16% bulbar onset) and 22 healthy controls.

A 3D finite element model for geometrical and mechanical comparison of different supraspinatus repair techniques.

Background: Contact pressure and contact area are among the most important mechanical factors studied to predict the effectiveness of a rotator cuff repair. The suture configurations can strongly affect these factors but are rarely correlated with each other. For example, there is a significant difference between the single-row technique and the transosseous or transosseous-like approaches in terms of footprint contact area coverage.

The Constant score and the assessment of scapula dyskinesis: Proposal and assessment of an integrated outcome measure.

The Constant-Murley score (CMS) is a popular measure of shoulder function. However, its ability to monitor the evolution of patients during rehabilitation after rotator-cuff repair is controversial. Moreover, CMS does not account for possible alterations in the scapulo-humeral coordination (SHC, scapula dyskinesis), which are apparent in variety of shoulder pathologies.

Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Tear Transosseous Repair System: The Sharc-FT Using the Taylor Stitcher.

Transosseous rotator cuff tear repair was first described in 1944. Over the years, it has represented the gold standard for such lesions. Through open and mini-open approaches, as well as the arthroscopic approach, the transosseous repair system represents one of the most reliable surgical techniques from a biological and mechanical perspective.

iPathology cockpit diagnostic station: validation according to College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center recommendation at the Hospital Trust and University of Verona.

Background: Validation of digital whole slide images is crucial to ensure that diagnostic performance is at least equivalent to that of glass slides and light microscopy. The College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center recently developed recommendations for internal digital pathology system validation. Following these guidelines we sought to validate the performance of a digital approach for routine diagnosis by using an iPad and digital control widescreen-assisted workstation through a pilot study.

Quadriceps tendon tear rupture in healthy patients treated with patellar drilling holes: clinical and ultrasonographic analysis after 36 months of follow-up.

Background: quadriceps tendon subcutaneous rupture is an uncommon injury affecting predominantly middle-aged men as a result of direct or indirect trauma; aim of this work is to evaluate clinical outcome and tendon morphology in patients treated surgically with transpatellar drilling suture.

Methods: 20 patients (20 male) with an average age of 54 (42-59) were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 36 months. Measurements of range of motion (ROM) and of tight circumference were collected.

Isokinetic strength test and functional outcomes in proximal humeral fractures treated with a locking plate.

Background: Despite the use of many shoulder outcome scales in subjects with rotator cuff pathology or instability symptoms, it can be problematic to select an instrumental evaluation in the shoulder trauma population. In this study we evaluated patients with proximal humeral fractures treated with internal fixation with a locking plate, analyzing the recovery of strength with an isokinetic test and its correlation with clinical and functional outcomes.

Methods: We enrolled 46 individuals (17 men, 29 women).

Arthroscopic absorbable suture fixation for tibial spine fractures.

The purpose of this technical note and accompanying video is to describe a modified arthroscopic suture fixation technique to treat tibial spine avulsion fractures. Twenty-one patients underwent arthroscopic treatment for tibial spine avulsion with our technique; they were clinically and biomechanically evaluated at 2 years' follow-up and showed optimal clinical and radiographic outcomes. Repair with this arthroscopic technique provides a significant advantage in the treatment of type III and IV fractures of the tibial eminence by obtaining arthroscopic fixation within the substance of the anterior cruciate ligament: suture methods based on the avulsed bone fragment are technically impossible, but sutures through the base of the ligament itself provide secure fixation, reducing the risks of comminution of the fracture fragment and eliminating the time for hardware removal.

Isolated fractures of the greater tuberosity in proximal humerus: does the direction of displacement influence functional outcome? An analysis of displacement in greater tuberosity fractures.

Background And Aim Of The Work: The treatment of isolated fractures of the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus is still debated, especially in the case of minimally dispaced fractures. Differently from other proximal humerus fractures this kind of injury frequently affects young patients with high functional request. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of patients treated conservatively for greater tubero-sity isolated fractures, comparing the clinical results in patients with different direction of fracture displacement.