Anti-amyloid treatment is broadly effective in neuronopathic mucopolysaccharidoses and synergizes with gene therapy in MPS-IIIA.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are childhood diseases caused by inherited deficiencies in glycosaminoglycan degradation. Most MPSs involve neurodegeneration, which to date is untreatable. Currently, most therapeutic strategies aim at correcting the primary genetic defect.

Self-Determination Research: Current and Future Directions.

This article summarizes the history, current status, and future directions of self-determination research across the globe, with a focus on applications to the education of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their transition from school to adult life. Research on the development, implementation, and outcomes of self-determination assessments and interventions is explored. Causal Agency Theory, a theoretical framework for understanding the development of self-determination as a psychological construct, is reviewed, along with research on the importance of self-determination for inclusion, psychological growth, and overall well-being.

The activity of a PI3K δ-sparing inhibitor, MEN1611, in non-small cell lung cancer cells with constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) result in improvement in survival for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Unfortunately, most patients who initially respond to EGFR-TKI ultimately develop resistance to therapy, resulting in cancer progression and relapse.

One-Stage Tricompartmental Hypoallergenic UKA for Tricompartmental Osteoarthritis: A Case Report.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and progressive joint disease. When all three compartments are involved, end-stage OA is treated with a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a primary treatment for isolated osteoarthritis.

Patellofemoral knee pain following total knee arthroplasty. Comparison between adjusted mechanical and inverse restricted kinematic alignment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the functional, radiological, and clinical outcomes of patellofemoral joint in patients who had total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without patellar resurfacing for end-stage osteoarthritis using inverse restricted kinematic alignment (irKA) compared to a control group using adjusted mechanical alignment (aMA), both executed with the same implant at the same Institution. The hypothesis was that patients undergoing TKA without patellar resurfacing for end-stage osteoarthritis using irKA would have superior outcomes related to the patellofemoral joint in comparison to a control group using aMA.

Methods: A retrospective examination of registries' prospectively obtained from patients who underwent primary TKA at our Institution between 2016 and 2020 was performed.

Potential role of the hydroxyl carboxylic acid receptor type 2 (HCAR2) in microglia pathophysiology: A possible cross-talk with C-X-C chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1).

Following insults or injury, microglia cells are activated contributing to the cytotoxic response or by promoting an immune-mediated damage resolution. Microglia cells express HCA2R, a hydroxy carboxylic acid (HCA) receptor, which has been shown to mediate neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study we found that HCAR2 expression levels were increased in cultured rat microglia cells after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure.

Medial unicompartmental knee replacement is a viable treatment option after failed high tibial osteotomy: a systematic review.

Purpose: It is debatable whether or not previous high tibial osteotomy (HTO) has negative effects on the results of subsequent medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). The purpose of this study is to report, through a systematic review of the literature, the outcomes of medial UKR after failed HTO. It was hypothesized that this procedure would be safe and effective in providing satisfactory postoperative functional outcomes.

How the Italian Twitter Conversation on Vaccines Changed During the First Phase of the Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Analysis.

In the context of the European Joint Action on Vaccination, we analyzed, through quantitative and qualitative methods, a random sample of vaccine-related tweets published in Italy between November 2019 and June 2020, with the aim of understanding how the Twitter conversation on vaccines changed during the first phase of the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic months. Tweets were analyzed by a multidisciplinary team in terms of kind of vaccine, vaccine stance, tone of voice, population target, mentioned source of information. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to identify variables associated with vaccine stance.

Unicompartmental vs. total knee replacement in patients with failed high tibial osteotomy.

Introduction: The influence of a previous high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on the outcome and survival of a knee arthroplasty is a debated issue. The purpose of this study is to compare subjective, radiographic, and functional outcomes of unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) and total knee replacement (TKR) after failed open wedge HTO.

Methods: 26 post-HTO UKRs (group A) with an average follow-up of 7.

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty After Failed Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy.

Background: Controversy exists whether or not a previous high tibial osteotomy (HTO) influences the outcome and survival of a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of UKA after failed open-wedge HTO compared with UKA with no previous HTO.

Methods: Between 2001 and 2017, 24 post-HTO UKAs (group A) with an average follow-up of 8.

Conical Primary Cementless Stem in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: 94 Consecutive Implantations at a Mean Follow-Up of 12.7 years.

Background: Revision of a failed total hip arthroplasty (THA) poses technical challenges. The use of primary stems for revision can be advantageous for maintaining bone stock and reducing complications: small case series have reported promising results in the short-term to mid-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and functional results and survivorship of a consecutive series of THA femoral component revisions using a conical primary cementless stem (PCS).

Delayed effects of a single-dose whole-brain radiation therapy on glucose metabolism and myelin density: a longitudinal PET study.

Purpose: Radiotherapy is an important treatment option for brain tumors, but the unavoidable irradiation of normal brain tissue can lead to delayed cognitive impairment. The mechanisms involved are still not well explained and, therefore, new tools to investigate the processes leading to the delayed symptoms of brain irradiation are warranted. In this study, positron emission tomography (PET) is used to explore delayed functional changes induced by brain irradiation.

The Acute and Early Effects of Whole-Brain Irradiation on Glial Activation, Brain Metabolism, and Behavior: a Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Purpose: Radiotherapy is a frequently applied treatment modality for brain tumors. Concomitant irradiation of normal brain tissue can induce various physiological responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute and early-delayed effects of brain irradiation on glial activation and brain metabolism can be detected with positron emission tomography (PET) and whether these effects are correlated with behavioral changes.

Correction to: Parametric Imaging of [11C]Flumazenil Binding in the Rat Brain.

The name of the second author was incorrectly cited and is corrected now, as displayed here.

PET Imaging with S-[C]Methyl-L-Cysteine and L-[Methyl-C]Methionine in Rat Models of Glioma, Glioma Radiotherapy, and Neuroinflammation.

Purpose: S-[C]-methyl-L-cysteine ([C]MCYS) has been claimed to offer higher tumor selectivity than L-[methyl- C]methionine ([C]MET). We examined this claim in animal models.

Procedures: Rats with implanted untreated (n = 10) or irradiated (n = 7, 1 × 25 Gy, on day 8) orthotopic gliomas were scanned after 6, 9, and 12 days, using positron emission tomography.

Parametric Imaging of [C]Flumazenil Binding in the Rat Brain.

Purpose: This study evaluates the performance of several parametric methods for assessing [C]flumazenil binding distribution in the rat brain.

Procedures: Dynamic (60 min) positron emission tomography data with metabolite-corrected plasma input function were retrospectively analyzed (male Wistar rats, n = 10). Distribution volume (V ) images were generated from basis function method (BFM), Logan graphical analysis (Logan), and spectral analysis (SA).

Contribution of neuroinflammation to changes in [C]flumazenil binding in the rat brain: Evaluation of the inflamed pons as reference tissue.

Introduction: [C]Flumazenil is a well-known PET tracer for GABA receptors and is mainly used as an imaging biomarker for neuronal loss. Recently, GABA receptors on immune cells have been investigated as target for modulation of inflammation. Since neuronal loss is often accompanied by neuroinflammation, PET imaging with [C]flumazenil is potentially affected by infiltrating immune cells.

Pharmacokinetic modeling of [C]flumazenil kinetics in the rat brain.

Background: Preferred models for the pharmacokinetic analysis of [C]flumazenil human studies have been previously established. However, direct translation of these models and settings to animal studies might be sub-optimal. Therefore, this study evaluates pharmacokinetic models for the quantification of [C]flumazenil binding in the rat brain.

Association of a hi-tech with a bio-tech technique in the treatment of early osteoarthritis of the knee: a case report.

Meniscal replacement to treat early osteoarthritis of the knee after meniscectomy may be accompanied by other surgical procedures to treat factors predisposing to a negative intervention outcome. Overload of the medial compartment in slight varus can be reduced by applying the new KineSpring system, which can promote the best possible outcome of a biodegradable meniscal scaffold implantation, without producing biomechanical and anatomical alterations of the joint. This is the first case report on the combination of these hi-tech and bio-tech techniques.

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of 11C-PBR28 in the Rat Model of Herpes Encephalitis: Comparison with (R)-11C-PK11195.

(11)C-PBR28 is a second-generation translocator protein (TSPO) tracer with characteristics supposedly superior to the most commonly used tracer for neuroinflammation, (R)-(11)C-PK11195. Despite its use in clinical research, no studies on the imaging properties and pharmacokinetic analysis of (11)C-PBR28 in rodent models of neuroinflammation have been published yet. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate (11)C-PBR28 as a tool for detection and quantification of neuroinflammation in preclinical research and to compare its imaging properties with (R)-(11)C-PK11195.

Revision Surgery in Permanent Patellar Dislocation in DiGeorge Syndrome.

A 29-year-old patient, suffering from DiGeorge syndrome, came to our attention with a history of persistent pain and patellar instability in the left knee after failure of arthroscopic lateral release and Elmslie-Trillat procedure. The patient was unable to walk without crutches and severely limited in daily living activities. Because of arthritic changes of the patellofemoral joint and the failure of previous surgeries it was decided to perform only an open lateral release and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using a biosynthetic ligament in order to obtain patellofemoral stability.

High adhesion of tumor cells to mesothelial monolayers derived from peritoneal wash of disseminated gastrointestinal cancers.

The role of the mesothelial layer in the peritoneal spreading of cancer cells is only partially clarified. Here we attempted to better define the mesothelial contribution to the tumor cell adhesion using a direct adhesion test applied to human primary cultures of mesothelial cells (HPMCs) derived from the peritoneal washes of patients with gastric and colorectal cancers. Gastric and colon carcinoma cells were seeded on different mesothelial monolayers and quantitative fluorescence analysis was performed to analyze their growth and adhesive properties.