Influence of reaction variables on the surface chemistry of cellulose nanofibers derived from palm oil empty fruit bunches.

Nanocellulose, a versatile nanomaterial with a wide range of applications, is gaining significant attention for its sustainable and eco-friendly properties. In this study, we investigate the influence of reaction variables on the surface chemistry of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) from palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers, a high cellulose content biomass. Reaction time, primary oxidizing agent, and a pretreatment process affect, to various extents, the surface chemistry of EFB-TOCN.