One-hour post-load plasma glucose level predicts future type 2 diabetes in a community-based study of Hong Kong Chinese workforce.

Background: We compared performance of high 1-hour PG level, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in predicting type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal community-based cohort of Hong Kong Chinese.

Methods: Between 2001 and 2003, 472 adults aged 18-55 years without diabetes underwent 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Between 2012 and 2014, progression to diabetes was ascertained by reviewing medical records or repeating OGTT and HbA.

Association of insomnia with incident chronic cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective study of the Hong Kong Diabetes Register.

Aims: To examine the risk association of insomnia with incident chronic cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Methods: Between July 2010 and June 2015, patients with T2D aged ≥60 years enrolled in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire. Patients were considered having insomnia if they had ISI score > 14.

Advanced liver fibrosis predicts heart failure and hospitalizations in people with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study from Hong Kong Diabetes Register.

Aims: We aimed to examine the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Between 2013 and 2014, 1,734 patients with T2D underwent transient elastography (TE) to assess liver status indicated by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Liver steatosis was defined by CAP ≥ 248 dB/m and advanced liver fibrosis by LSM ≥ 10 kPa.

A single ascending dose study of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide RO7062931 in Chinese healthy volunteers.

RO7062931 is an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide complementary to hepatitis B virus RNA. GalNAc conjugation targets the liver through the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). This phase I single ascending dose (SAD) study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of RO7062931 in Chinese healthy volunteers.

Effects of RAS inhibitors on all-site cancers and mortality in the Hong Kong diabetes surveillance database (2002-2019).

Background: Cancer is replacing cardiovascular-disease as a leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The association of RAS-inhibitors (RASi) and cancer, including differences between angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor-blocker (ARBs) as well as their associations independent of blood pressure lowering, remains inconclusive in T2D.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study with new-user design in 253,491 patients in the Hong-Kong-Diabetes-Surveillance-Database (HKDSD) in 2002-2019.

A randomized clinical trial of genetic testing and personalized risk counselling in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving integrated care -The genetic testing and patient empowerment (GEM) trial.

Aims: We evaluated the effect of personalized risk counseling incorporating clinical and genetic risk factors on patient empowerment and risk factor control in diabetes.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with suboptimal glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%) were randomized to a genetic counselling (GC) or control group.

Detection of increased serum miR-122-5p and miR-455-3p levels before the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer in people with type 2 diabetes.

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased cancer risk. Liver cancer (LC) has a high prevalence in East Asia and is one of the leading causes of cancer death globally. Diagnosis of LC at early stage carries good prognosis.

Glucose-lowering drugs and outcome from COVID-19 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-wide analysis in Hong Kong.

Objectives: To investigate the association between baseline use of glucose-lowering drugs and serious clinical outcome among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Territory-wide retrospective cohort of confirmed cases of COVID-19 between January 2020 and February 2021.

Setting: All public health facilities in Hong Kong.

Association of hip fractures with cardiometabolic-renal risk factors in Southern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes - the Hong Kong Diabetes Register.

Introduction: Diabetes and bone health are closely related. We examined the incidence and risk factors of hip fractures in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective cohort, we consecutively enrolled 22,325 adults with T2D above the age of 40 years in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register between 1994 and 2015 with crude hip fracture incidence rate censored in 2017.

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and safety study of a single dose of evolocumab 140 mg in healthy Chinese subjects.

Objective: Evolocumab, a human monoclonal antibody that binds to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), markedly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here we characterize the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of evolocumab manufactured at a new site administered in healthy Chinese subjects.

Materials And Methods: This phase 1 study of a single subcutaneous 140-mg dose of evolocumab was conducted in healthy subjects of Chinese descent residing in Hong Kong.

Serial Transient Elastography Examinations to Monitor Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced fibrosis. Current international guidelines recommend the use of noninvasive tests as initial assessments for NAFLD, but the role of noninvasive tests as monitoring tools has not been established. We aimed to study the role of transient elastography as a monitoring tool in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Progression of glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors over a decade in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased metabolic risk, though data on long-term follow-up of cardiometabolic traits are limited. We postulated that Chinese women with PCOS would have higher risk of incident diabetes and cardiometabolic abnormalities than those without PCOS during long-term follow-up.

Methods And Findings: One hundred ninety-nine Chinese women with PCOS diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria and with a mean age of 41.

Gender differences in the associations between insomnia and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Study Objectives: Insomnia is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the general population. However, the associations between insomnia and glycemic control in T2D population are not consistently reported. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations between insomnia and glycemic control, and gender differences in these associations among Hong Kong Chinese patients with T2D.

Progression of diabetic kidney disease and trajectory of kidney function decline in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes is a major cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD), yet the natural history of diabetic kidney disease is not well understood. We aimed to identify patterns of estimated GFR (eGFR) trajectory and to determine the clinical and genetic factors and their associations of these different patterns with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Among 6330 patients with baseline eGFR >60 ml/min per 1.

Short-term association between ambient temperature and acute myocardial infarction hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus patients: A time series study.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and has been found to occur more frequently with extreme temperatures. With the increasing prevalence of DM and the rising global mean temperature, the number of heat-related AMI cases among DM patients may increase. This study compares excess risk of AMI during periods of extreme temperatures between patients with DM and without DM.

Advanced liver fibrosis but not steatosis is independently associated with albuminuria in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background & Aims: Increasing evidence suggests that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given the high prevalence of NAFLD among patients with diabetes who are also at risk of CKD, we aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD and albuminuria, a marker commonly found in diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: This study included a cohort of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes from the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry recruited between March 2013 and May 2014.

MicroRNA and Diabetic Complications: A Clinical Perspective.

Significance: The rising global prevalence of diabetes and its debilitating complications give rise to significant disability and premature mortality. Due to the silent nature of diabetes and its vascular complications, and limitations in current methods for detection, there is a need for novel biomarkers for early detection and prognosis. Recent Advances: Metabolic memory and epigenetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and interact with genetic variants, metabolic factors, and clinical risk factors.

Low testosterone and clinical outcomes in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Hong Kong Diabetes Registry.

Aims: To assess the implications of low testosterone on cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome (MES) and clinical outcomes in Chinese men with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A prospective cohort study carried out in a university hospital involving a consecutive cohort of 1239 Chinese men with T2D and a median disease duration of 9years followed up for 4.8years.

Association of self-reported recurrent mild hypoglycemia with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: Prospective analysis of the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation Registry.

Severe hypoglycemia is an established risk marker for cardiovascular complications of diabetes, but whether mild hypoglycemia confers similar risks is unclear. We examined the association of self-reported recurrent mild hypoglycemic events with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort of Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.From June 2007 to May 2015, 19,019 patients in Hong Kong underwent comprehensive assessment of metabolic and complication status using the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation program.

Screening diabetic patients for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but current guidelines provide conflicting recommendations on whether diabetic patients should be screened for NAFLD. We therefore studied the strategy of screening diabetic patients by FibroScan.

Design: Liver fat and fibrosis were assessed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) by FibroScan at a diabetic centre for patients from primary care and hospital clinics.

Testosterone level in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic effects: A review of current evidence.

A significant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a low testosterone level relative to reference ranges based on healthy young men. Only a small number of these patients suffer from classical hypogonadism as a result of recognizable hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis pathology. The cut-off value of the serum testosterone level in men without obvious hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis pathology is controversial.

A pilot study to compare meal-triggered gastric electrical stimulation and insulin treatment in Chinese obese type 2 diabetes.

Background: Gastrointestinal electromodulation therapy is a novel alternative for achieving diabetes control without traditional bariatric surgery. We compared the efficacy of a meal-initiated implantable gastric contractility modulation (GCM) device with that of insulin therapy in obese Chinese type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, for whom oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) had failed.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen obese (body mass index, 27.