Fibrous dysplasia: an overview of disease process, indications for surgical management, and a case report.

Introduction: First described by Von Recklinghausen in 1891, fibrous dysplasia is a developmental defect of osseous tissue such that bone is produced with an abnormally thin cortex and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue that demonstrates characteristic ground-glass appearance on x-ray examination. The underlying defect in fibrous dysplasia is a mutation of the GNAS1 gene, which leads to constitutive activation of gene products that preclude the maturation of osteoprogenitor cells and lead to development of abnormal bone matrix, trabeculae, and collagen, produced by undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. There exists a mainly self-limiting form of fibrous dysplasia classified as monostotic, which is characterized by dysplastic bone in a single location that remains relatively stable throughout life and a polyostotic form, which can exhibit aggressive growth placing adjacent structures at risk for compressive sequelae.

Revisiting the free nipple graft: an opportunity for nipple sparing mastectomy in women with breast ptosis.

Objective: Nipple areolar complex (NAC) sparing mastectomy improves the cosmetic outcome of patients with breast cancer. However, women with significant breast ptosis are not candidates for this technique due toexcessive skin flap length and ensuing risk of NAC ischemia.1 (-) 3 We report a novel technique using free nipple graft during skin sparing mastectomy for patients with significant ptosis while concurrently maintaining oncologic integrity.

Reconstruction of massive localised lymphoedema of the scrotum with a novel fasciocutaneous flap: A rare case presentation and a review of the literature.

Massive localised lymphoedema (MLL) is a benign lymphoproliferative soft-tissue overgrowth in the morbidly obese patient. The diagnosis may be challenging, and is a form of secondary lymphoedema, often described as idiopathic scrotal elephantiasis. The lesion presents as a large mass in the morbidly obese, and patients seek treatment late in the disease course due to limitation of daily living or excoriation and wound breakdown.

The use of intra-abdominal tissue expansion for the management of giant omphaloceles: review of literature and a case report.

Giant omphaloceles present a reconstructive challenge in planning, management, and eventual closure of the abdominal wall defect. The goal of reconstruction is to recreate a functional abdominal wall domain and return the extra-anatomically placed viscera into the peritoneal cavity in a safe manner. Traditionally, placement of tissue expanders has been in the subcutaneous and intramuscular planes.