Genomic analysis of isolated from surface water and animal sources in Chile reveals new T6SS effector protein candidates.

Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS), widely distributed in Gram-negative bacteria, contribute to interbacterial competition and pathogenesis through the translocation of effector proteins to target cells. harbor 5 pathogenicity islands encoding T6SS (SPI-6, SPI-19, SPI-20, SPI-21 and SPI-22), in which a limited number of effector proteins have been identified. Previous analyses by our group focused on the identification of candidate T6SS effectors and cognate immunity proteins in genomes deposited in public databases.

Salmonella enterica Serovar Abony Outbreak Caused by Clone of Reference Strain WDCM 00029, Chile, 2024.

A Salmonella enterica serovar Abony outbreak occurred during January-April 2024 in Chile. Genomic evidence indicated that the outbreak strain was a clone of reference strain WDCM 00029, which is routinely used in microbiological quality control tests. When rare or unreported serovars cause human infections, clinicians and health authorities should request strain characterization.

Exploring the genomic and antimicrobial resistance tapestry: comparative insights into serotypes Agona, Braenderup, Muenchen, and Panama in Latin American surface waters.

Surface waters function as ecological niches where can persist and disseminate to fresh produce production systems. We examined the genomic characteristics of serotypes Agona ( = 86), Braenderup ( = 47), Muenchen ( = 53), and Panama ( = 69) isolates from surface waters in Chile, Mexico, and Brazil between 2019 and 2022. Mexican isolates consistently displayed a higher occurrence of genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) than Chilean and Brazilian isolates.

Integrative genome-centric metagenomics for surface water surveillance: Elucidating microbiomes, antimicrobial resistance, and their associations.

Surface water ecosystems are intimately intertwined with anthropogenic activities and have significant public health implications as primary sources of irrigation water in agricultural production. Our extensive metagenomic analysis examined 404 surface water samples from four different geological regions in Chile and Brazil, spanning irrigation canals (n = 135), rivers (n = 121), creeks (n = 74), reservoirs (n = 66), and ponds (n = 8). Overall, 50.

A multicenter genomic epidemiological investigation in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico reveals the diversity and persistence of populations in surface waters.

This study examined the diversity and persistence of in the surface waters of agricultural regions of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Research groups (three in 2019-2020 and five in 2021-2022) conducted a long-term survey of surface water across 5-8 months annually ( = 30 monthly). On-site, each team filtered 10-L water samples with modified Moore Swabs to capture which were then isolated and identified using conventional microbiological techniques.

Unveiling the genomic landscape of serotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis in Latin American surface waters: a comparative analysis.

Surface waters are considered ecological habitats where can persist and disseminate to fresh produce production systems. This study aimed to explore the genomic profiles of serotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis from surface waters in Chile, Mexico, and Brazil collected between 2019 and 2022. We analyzed the whole genomes of 106 .

ECOPHAGE: Combating Antimicrobial Resistance Using Bacteriophages for Eco-Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems.

The focus of this meeting was to discuss the suitability of using bacteriophages as alternative antimicrobials in the agrifood sector. Following a One Health approach, the workshop explored the possibilities of implementing phage application strategies in the agriculture, animal husbandry, aquaculture, and food production sectors. Therefore, the meeting had gathered phage researchers, representatives of the agrifood industry, and policymakers to debate the advantages and potential shortcomings of using bacteriophages as alternatives to traditional antimicrobials and chemical pesticides.

Bacteriophage-Host Interactions and Coevolution.

Bacteriophages are the most abundant entity on the planet and play very relevant roles in the diversity and abundance of their bacterial hosts. These interactions are subject to several factors, such as the first encounter of the phage with its host bacterium, in which molecular interactions are fundamental. Along with this, these interactions depend on the environment and other communities present.

A review of the global emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis.

Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is an emergent foodborne and zoonotic Salmonella serovar with critical implications for global health. In recent years, the prevalence of S. Infantis infections has increased in the United States, Europe, and Latin America, due to contaminated chicken and other foods.

Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee.

This article summarises the activities of the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses for the period of March 2021-March 2022. We provide an overview of the new taxa proposed in 2021, approved by the Executive Committee, and ratified by vote in 2022. Significant changes to the taxonomy of bacterial viruses were introduced: the paraphyletic morphological families Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae as well as the order Caudovirales were abolished, and a binomial system of nomenclature for species was established.

Humans and Hoofed Livestock Are the Main Sources of Fecal Contamination of Rivers Used for Crop Irrigation: A Microbial Source Tracking Approach.

Freshwater bodies receive waste, feces, and fecal microorganisms from agricultural, urban, and natural activities. In this study, the probable sources of fecal contamination were determined. Also, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were detected in the two main rivers of central Chile.

Biogeographical variation in antimicrobial resistance in rivers is influenced by agriculture and is spread through bacteriophages.

Antibiotic resistance is currently an extensive medical challenge worldwide, with global numbers increasing steadily. Recent data have highlighted wastewater treatment plants as a reservoir of resistance genes. The impact of these findings for human health can best be summarized using a One Health concept.

Long-Term Interactions of Enteritidis With a Lytic Phage for 21 Days in High Nutrients Media.

spp. is a relevant foodborne pathogen with worldwide distribution. To mitigate infections, bacteriophages represent an alternative to antimicrobials and chemicals in food animals and food in general.

-Positive Healthcare-Associated Infections Presenting High Transmission Risks for Antimicrobial-Resistant Strains in an Equine Hospital.

Healthcare-associated infections caused by , particularly , represent a high risk for human and animal health. can be easily transmitted through direct contact with individual carriers or fomites, such as medical and non-medical equipment. The risk increases if strains carry antibiotic resistance genes and show a phenotypic multidrug resistance behavior.

Environmental and anthropogenic factors associated with the likelihood of detecting Salmonella in agricultural watersheds.

Surface water is one of the primary sources of irrigation water for produce production; therefore, its contamination by foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella, may substantially impact public health. In this study, we determined the presence of Salmonella in surface water and characterized the relationship between Salmonella detection and environmental and anthropogenic factors. From April 2019 to February 2020, 120 samples from 30 sites were collected monthly in four watersheds located in two different central Chile agricultural regions (N = 1080).

Novel Phage, vB_Sen_STGO-35-1, Characterization and Evaluation in Chicken Meat.

Salmonellosis is one of the most frequently reported zoonotic foodborne diseases worldwide, and poultry is the most important reservoir of serovar Enteritidis. The use of lytic bacteriophages (phages) to reduce foodborne pathogens has emerged as a promising biocontrol intervention for spp. Here, we describe and evaluate the newly isolated phage STGO-35-1, including: (i) genomic and phenotypic characterization, (ii) an analysis of the reduction of in chicken meat, and (iii) genome plasticity testing.

Identification of Type VI Secretion Systems Effector Proteins That Contribute to Interbacterial Competition in Dublin.

The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells a contractile mechanism. While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). In , five T6SS gene clusters have been identified within pathogenicity islands SPI-6, SPI-19, SPI-20, SPI-21, and SPI-22, which are differentially distributed among serotypes.

Isolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Type.

The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from water used for crop irrigation to vegetables is poorly studied. During a year, five farmer markets in a city in Central Chile were visited, and 478 vegetable samples (parsleys, corianders, celeries, lettuces, chards, and beets) were collected. Simultaneously, 32 water samples were collected from two rivers which are used to irrigate the vegetables produced in the area.

Isolation and engineering of a Listeria grayi bacteriophage.

The lack of bacteriophages capable of infecting the Listeria species, Listeria grayi, is academically intriguing and presents an obstacle to the development of bacteriophage-based technologies for Listeria. We describe the isolation and engineering of a novel L. grayi bacteriophage, LPJP1, isolated from farm silage.

Diversity of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Isolated from Cattle from Central and Southern Chile.

Cattle are the main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), one of the world's most important foodborne pathogens. The pathogen causes severe human diseases and outbreaks. This study aimed to identify and characterize non-O157 STEC isolated from cattle feces from central and southern Chile.

Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the ICTV: update of taxonomy changes in 2021.

In this article, we - the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and the Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) - summarise the results of our activities for the period March 2020 - March 2021. We report the division of the former Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee in two separate Subcommittees, welcome new members, a new Subcommittee Chair and Vice Chair, and give an overview of the new taxa that were proposed in 2020, approved by the Executive Committee and ratified by vote in 2021. In particular, a new realm, three orders, 15 families, 31 subfamilies, 734 genera and 1845 species were newly created or redefined (moved/promoted).

Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife and in the built environment in a wildlife rehabilitation center.

Injured and orphaned wildlife are often brought to Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers (WRC) to be cared for by professionals to ultimately be released back to their natural habitats. In these centers, animals may spend months and frequently receive prolonged antibiotic therapy. Therefore, WRC may play a role in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Comparative Analysis of Genomes Including Two New Members of the Genus That Infect Infantis.

spp. is one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide; therefore, its control is highly relevant for the food industry. Phages of the genus have the characteristic that one phage can infect a large number of different serovars and, thus, are proposed as an alternative to antimicrobials in food production.