Brand new norms for a good old test: Northern Italy normative study of MiniMental State Examination.

Aim: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most used tests for the screening of global cognition in patients with neurological and medical disorders. Norms for the Italian version of the test were published in the 90 s; more recent norms were published in 2020 for Southern Italy only. In the present study, we computed novel adjustment coefficients, equivalent scores and cut-off value for Northern Italy (Lombardia and Veneto) and Italian speaking Switzerland.

Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia.

Objectives: Few studies have analyzed factors associated with delirium subtypes. In this study, we investigate factors associated with subtypes of delirium only in patients with dementia to provide insights on the possible prevention and treatments.

Design: This is a cross-sectional study nested in the "Delirium Day" study, a nationwide Italian point-prevalence study.

Drug Prescription and Delirium in Older Inpatients: Results From the Nationwide Multicenter Italian Delirium Day 2015-2016.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between polypharmacy and delirium, the association of specific drug categories with delirium, and the differences in drug-delirium association between medical and surgical units and according to dementia diagnosis.

Methods: Data were collected during 2 waves of Delirium Day, a multicenter delirium prevalence study including patients (aged 65 years or older) admitted to acute and long-term care wards in Italy (2015-2016); in this study, only patients enrolled in acute hospital wards were selected (n = 4,133). Delirium was assessed according to score on the 4 "A's" Test.

Association between delirium, adverse clinical events and functional outcomes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after a hip fracture: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate how delirium and adverse clinical events (ACE) contribute independently and in combination to functional outcomes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation settings after a hip fracture.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years admitted after hip fracture surgical repair to three Italian rehabilitation units. Delirium on admission was evaluated with the Confusion Assessment Method.

Relation Between Delirium and Anticholinergic Drug Burden in a Cohort of Hospitalized Older Patients: An Observational Study.

Background: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome which occurs on average in one out of five hospitalized older patients. It is associated with a number of negative outcomes, including worsening of cognitive and functional status, increasing the burden on patients and caregivers, and elevated mortality. Medications with anticholinergic effect have been associated with the clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients, but this association is still debated.

A Point Prevalence Study of Delirium in Italian Nursing Homes.

Background: Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome. Few studies have been conducted in nursing home (NH) residents. The aim of this project was to perform a point prevalence study of delirium in Italian NHs.

Delirium, Dementia, and In-Hospital Mortality: The Results From the Italian Delirium Day 2016, A National Multicenter Study.

Background: There is little evidence about the prevalence of cognitive disorders and their effect on in-hospital mortality in large multicenter studies. The objectives of the 2016th edition of the "Italian Delirium Day," a large multicenter study on in-hospital older patients, were to assess (i) the point prevalence of cognitive impairment/no dementia, dementia, delirium, and delirium superimposed on dementia and (ii) the effect of these conditions on in-hospital mortality.

Methods: This multicenter study and included 2,037 older patients (aged ≥65 years) admitted to acute medical and surgical wards across 205 acute hospitals.

The association of indwelling urinary catheter with delirium in hospitalized patients and nursing home residents: an explorative analysis from the "Delirium Day 2015".

Backround: Use of indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) in older adults has negative consequences, including delirium.

Aim: This analysis, from the "Delirium Day 2015", a nationwide multicenter prevalence study, aim to evaluate the association of IUC with delirium in hospitalized and Nursing Homes (NHs) patients.

Methods: Patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including the presence of IUC; inclusion criteria were age > 65 years, being Italian speaker and providing informed consent; exclusion criteria were coma, aphasia, end-of-life status.

Recognition of Delirium Features in Clinical Practice: Data from the "Delirium Day 2015" National Survey.

Background/objectives: Delirium is underrecognized in clinical practice. The primary aim of the present multicenter study was to compare the ability of nurses to identify delirium features with a standardized assessment. The secondary aim was to identify predictors of missed or incorrect identifications of delirium by nurses.

Clinical Features Associated with Delirium Motor Subtypes in Older Inpatients: Results of a Multicenter Study.

Objective: To date motor subtypes of delirium have been evaluated in single-center studies with a limited examination of the relationship between predisposing factors and motor profile of delirium. We sought to report the prevalence and clinical profile of subtypes of delirium in a multicenter study.

Methods: This is a point prevalence study nested in the "Delirium Day 2015", which included 108 acute and 12 rehabilitation wards in Italy.

"Delirium Day": a nationwide point prevalence study of delirium in older hospitalized patients using an easy standardized diagnostic tool.

Background: To date, delirium prevalence in adult acute hospital populations has been estimated generally from pooled findings of single-center studies and/or among specific patient populations. Furthermore, the number of participants in these studies has not exceeded a few hundred. To overcome these limitations, we have determined, in a multicenter study, the prevalence of delirium over a single day among a large population of patients admitted to acute and rehabilitation hospital wards in Italy.

The Effect of an Impaired Arousal on Short- and Long-Term Mortality of Elderly Patients Admitted to an Acute Geriatric Unit.

Objective: Impaired arousal is associated with negative outcomes in intensive care units, but studies in acute medical wards are scanty. The study aim was to evaluate the association between impaired arousal, as measured using an ultrabrief screen, and risk of both 1- and 6-month mortality and discharge to nursing home (NH) or hospice.

Design: Prospective cohort study with 6-month follow-up.

Sarcopenia and malnutrition in acutely ill hospitalized elderly: Prevalence and outcomes.

Background & Aims: Data about the prevalence of sarcopenia among hospitalized patients is lacking and it is unclear whether the diagnostic criteria commonly used in community-dwellers is applicable in acutely ill subjects. The aims of this report are: (i) to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia among hospitalized patients; (ii) to assess whether the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria are applicable in an acute care setting; and (iii) to assess the mortality rate at 3 months.

Methods: 103 patients admitted to the Acute Geriatric Clinic were enrolled.

Geriatric multidimensional assessment for elderly patients with acute respiratory diseases.

The case of an 87-year-old woman who falls at home and is admitted to the Emergency Department of an acute hospital with delirium exemplify a common situation that physicians face in their everyday clinical practice. We describe the typical context of frailty in which acute illnesses frequently present in frail elderly patients and, in particular, the relationship between comorbidity, disability and frailty. We also report the current knowledge about frailty theories and we focus on the "atypical" presentation of many acute illnesses.

The sequential organ failure assessment score predicts 30-day mortality in a geriatric acute care setting.

Background: Several tools to predict patients' survival have been proposed in medical wards, though they are often time consuming and difficult to apply. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) is a promising tool that has been validated in intensive care units but never in acute medical wards. The aim of this study was to assess whether the SOFA score predicts short-term (30 days) mortality in a population of elderly patients admitted to a geriatric ward.

The Italian version of the Glaucoma Symptom Scale Questionnaire: translation, validation, and reliability.

Purpose: To validate the Italian version of the Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS) Questionnaire and its symptoms and function subscales.

Methods: This transversal validation study enrolled nonhospitalized patients with glaucoma, and a reference sample of patients without eye diseases. Eligible participants had to be cognitively able to respond to a health status interview.