Longitudinal Trends in HIV-1 Subtypes and Drug Resistance in Children from Argentina over a 15-Year Period (2006-2021).

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in children and adolescents infected with the virus.

Objectives: The objectives of the study are to investigate HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in patients who attended a referral care center in Argentina over a 15-year period and to compare mutational patterns between HIV-1 polsequences characterized as B or BF recombinants.

Methods: Individual resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) (to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors) were identified according to IAS-USA guidelines in 374 HIV-1-infected children and adolescents.

Unraveling HIV-1 diagnosis in special pediatric cases.

Background: Early HIV-1 diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral treatment is essential to prevent AIDS, and reduce mortality in children. HIV-1 molecular diagnosis in children before 18 months of age require, two independent samples to confirm a result. However, some patients have discordant virologic results in different samples, raising uncertainty for a conclusive diagnosis.

HIV-1 genetic diversity in Argentina and early diagnosis of perinatal infection.

HIV-1 diagnosis of perinatally exposed children is usually performed by molecular biology-based methods, allowing the direct detection of the virus. Thus, HIV-1 genomic variability within and across strains plays a major role in relation to the sensitivity of these tests, often leading to misdiagnosis. We describe the performance of an in-house multiplex nested PCR (nPCR) for early detection of HIV-1 infection in perinatally exposed children born in Argentina, where the percentage of diverse BF recombinants is as high as 80%.

High IL-7 plasma levels may induce and predict the emergence of HIV-1 virulent strains in pediatric infection.

Background: HIV-1 infection results in severe immunodeficiency when T-cell loss cannot be compensated. IL-7 is one of the main cytokines involved in the maintenance of T-cell homeostasis. However, IL-7 can also enhance HIV-1 replication in vivo and lead to an accelerated progression of AIDS.

Circulation of novel HIV type 1 A, B/C, and F subtypes in Argentina.

The Argentine HIV-1 epidemic is considered to be represented mainly by subtype B and diverse B/F recombinants, with apparent absence of pure subtype F. In this study we describe three novel HIV-1 variants isolated from four infants born in different and distant provinces of Argentina. Partial analysis of different gene fragments spanning 18.

Polymorphisms in the pertussis toxin promoter in Bordetella bronchiseptica veterinary isolates from Argentina.

Five restriction patterns (including a novel one) could be defined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism on the pertussis toxin (PT) promoter region in local veterinary isolates, suggesting that PT gene analysis is a potential molecular marker for Bordetella bronchiseptica detection and typing.