Differential Diagnosis of Acquired Esotropia in the Elderly.

Aim: To provide an overview of the differential diagnoses of acquired esotropia that occur in the elderly and to facilitate their differentiation in everyday clinical practice.

Methods: The data of all patients who presented in our outpatient university department for strabology and neuroophthalmology from March 2014 to October 2015 due to esotropia with diplopia with onset after age 50 were evaluated retrospectively. Exclusion criteria were a known strabismus before the age of 50 and/or vertical deviations in the primary position.

[Efficacy of Vertical Muscle Transpositions with and without Simultaneous Rectus Muscle Recession for Unilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy].

Background: We report results of a modified vertical muscle transposition procedure according to the Hummelsheim principle - with and without simultaneous rectus muscle recession - for unilateral sixth nerve palsy. We examine the influence of the duration of the palsy, preoperative angle of squint and preoperative abductive capacity on surgical results of the procedures.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study of 29 consecutive patients with unilateral abducens nerve palsy who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2012.