Clinical and dermoscopic features of combined cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)/neuroendocrine [Merkel cell] carcinoma (MCC).

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine carcinoma, associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus. MCC admixed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is unassociated with polyomavirus, and is genetically distinct.

Objective: We sought to distinguish clinically and dermoscopically between MCC and SCC/MCC.

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: part II. Therapy and future directions.

The choice of therapy for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) relies on correct histopathologic classification and the exclusion of systemic disease. In part II of this continuing medical education article, we will review the available therapies for the different types of PCBCL. Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) are indolent tumors with an excellent prognosis.

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: part I. Clinical features, diagnosis, and classification.

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are defined as lymphomas with a B-cell phenotype that present in the skin without evidence of systemic or extracutaneous disease at initial presentation, after adequate staging. In non-Hodgkin lymphomas, the skin is the second most common site of extranodal involvement after the gastrointestinal tract. PCBCLs are histologically very similar to their nodal counterparts, and these histologic similarities can lead to confusion about both therapy and prognosis.

Gammaherpesvirus 68 infection of endothelial cells requires both host autophagy genes and viral oncogenes for optimal survival and persistence.

Gammaherpesvirus-associated neoplasms include tumors of lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells (ECs). We previously showed that, unlike most cell types, ECs survive productive gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) infection and achieve anchorage-independent growth, providing a cellular reservoir for viral persistence. Here, we demonstrated autophagy in infected ECs by analysis of LC3 localization and protein modification and that infected ECs progress through the autophagosome pathway by LC3 dual fluorescence and p62 analysis.

Endothelial cells support persistent gammaherpesvirus 68 infection.

A variety of human diseases are associated with gammaherpesviruses, including neoplasms of lymphocytes (e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma) and endothelial cells (e.