Type 2 diabetes is linked to higher physiologic markers of effort during exercise.

Background: People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have lower rates of physical activity (PA) than the general population. This is significant because insufficient PA is linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in individuals with T2D. Previously, we identified a novel barrier to physical activity: greater perceived effort during exercise in women.

Integrating a physical activity coaching intervention into diabetes care: a mixed-methods evaluation of a pilot pragmatic trial.

Physical activity (PA) counseling is under-utilized in primary care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), despite improving important health outcomes, including physical function. We adapted evidence-based PA counseling programs to primary care patients, staff, and leader's needs, resulting in "Be ACTIVE" comprised of shared PA tracker data (FitBit©), six theory-informed PA coaching calls, and three in-person clinician visits. In a pilot randomized pragmatic trial, we evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of Be ACTIVE.

Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Objective: The authors examined the prospective relationship between physical activity and incident depression and explored potential moderators.

Method: Prospective cohort studies evaluating incident depression were searched from database inception through Oct. 18, 2017, on PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and SPORTDiscus.

How can clinical practices pragmatically increase physical activity for patients with type 2 diabetes? A systematic review.

Although regular physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D), most adults with T2D are sedentary. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have proven the effectiveness of PA behavioral interventions for adults with T2D but have rarely been conducted in healthcare settings. We sought to identify PA interventions that are effective and practical to implement in clinical practice settings.

"My hair or my health:" Overcoming barriers to physical activity in African American women with a focus on hairstyle-related factors.

Physical activity disparities among African American (AA) women may be related to sociocultural barriers, including difficulties with restyling hair after exercise. We sought to identify physical activity barriers and facilitators in AA women with a focus on sociocultural factors related to hairstyle maintenance. Participants (n = 51) were AA women aged 19-73 years who completed valid surveys and participated in structured focus groups, stratified by age and physical activity levels, from November 2012 to February 2013.

An international survey of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) policies and the effects of these policies on costs, utilization, and health outcomes.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare existing policies regarding access to 7 assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and to examine the effects of these policies on costs, utilization, and health outcomes in 14 countries and 2 Canadian provinces based on publicly available information.

Methods: A systematic review of publicly available information from peer-reviewed literature (using biomedical and social science databases) and grey literature (e.g.

Menopausal quality of life: RCT of yoga, exercise, and omega-3 supplements.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 3 nonhormonal therapies for the improvement of menopause-related quality of life in women with vasomotor symptoms.

Study Design: We conducted a 12-week 3 × 2 randomized, controlled, factorial design trial. Peri- and postmenopausal women, 40-62 years old, were assigned randomly to yoga (n = 107), exercise (n = 106), or usual activity (n = 142) and also assigned randomly to a double-blind comparison of omega-3 (n = 177) or placebo (n = 178) capsules.

Efficacy of exercise for menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study aims to determine the efficacy of exercise training for alleviating vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms.

Methods: Late perimenopausal and postmenopausal sedentary women with frequent vasomotor symptoms (VMS) participated in a randomized controlled trial conducted in three sites: 106 women randomized to exercise and 142 women randomized to usual activity. The exercise intervention consisted of individual facility-based aerobic exercise training three times per week for 12 weeks.

Design and methods of a multi-site, multi-behavioral treatment trial for menopausal symptoms: the MsFLASH experience.

Background: Behavioral strategies are recommended for menopausal symptoms, but little evidence exists regarding efficacy.

Purpose: Describe design and methodology of a randomized controlled 3 by 2 factorial trial of yoga, exercise and omega-3 fatty acids.

Methods: Women from three geographic areas with a weekly average of ≥14 hot flashes/night sweats, who met exclusion/inclusion criteria, were randomized to 12weeks of: 1) yoga classes and daily home practice; 2) supervised, facility-based aerobic exercise training; or 3) usual activity.

Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased cardiovascular risk. Studies of factors including treatment exposures that may modify risk of low cardiorespiratory fitness in this population have been limited.

Procedure: To assess cardiorespiratory fitness, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was measured in 115 ALL survivors (median age, 23.

Adopting an Evidence-Based Lifestyle Physical Activity Program: Dissemination Study Design and Methods.

BACKGROUND: There is a scarcity of research studies that have examined academic-commercial partnerships to disseminate evidence-based physical activity programs. Understanding this approach to dissemination is essential because academic-commercial partnerships are increasingly common. Private companies have used dissemination channels and strategies to a degree that academicians have not, and declining resources require academicians to explore these partnerships.

Baseline results from Hawaii's Nā Mikimiki Project: a physical activity intervention tailored to multiethnic postpartum women.

During the postpartum period, ethnic minority women have higher rates of inactivity/under-activity than white women. The Nā Mikimiki ("the active ones") Project is designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity over 18 months among multiethnic women with infants 2-12 months old. The study was designed to test, via a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of a tailored telephone counseling of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity intervention compared to a print/website materials-only condition.

Exercise as an augmentation treatment for nonremitted major depressive disorder: a randomized, parallel dose comparison.

Objective: Most patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) require second-step treatments to achieve remission. The Treatment with Exercise Augmentation for Depression (TREAD) study was designed to test the efficacy of aerobic exercise as an augmentation treatment for MDD patients who had not remitted with antidepressant treatment.

Method: Eligible participants in this randomized controlled trial were sedentary individuals (men and women aged 18-70 years) diagnosed with DSM-IV nonpsychotic MDD who had not remitted with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment.

My baby, my move: examination of perceived barriers and motivating factors related to antenatal physical activity.

Introduction: Based on a socioecological model, the present study examined multilevel barriers and facilitators related to physical activity engagement during pregnancy in women of low socioeconomic status.

Methods: Individual and paired interviews were conducted with 25 pregnant women (aged 18-46 years, 17-40 weeks' gestation) to ask about motivational factors and to compare differences in activity level and parity. Atlas/Ti software was used to code verbatim interview transcripts by organizing codes into categories that reflect symbolic domains of meaning, relational patterns, and overarching themes.

The effect of exercise on mental health.

Including exercise for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders is a promising area of research for exercise scientists since data indicate that many of these disorders are not treated at all, and there is a significant delay in treatment. This review provides an appraisal of the recent use of exercise to prevent and treat specific mental disorders and provides a recommended framework for future progress of this research. More research is needed to overcome methodological issues to demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of exercise and to integrate mental and physical healthcare for widespread dissemination.

Psychosocial mediators of physical activity and fitness changes in the activity counseling trial.

Background: Improved understanding of the mediators of physical activity (PA) interventions could lead to improvements in theory and programs.

Purpose: To examine the 24-month mediating effects of psychosocial variables on PA and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) outcomes in 878 initially sedentary adults aged 35-75 participating in the Activity Counseling Trial.

Methods: Participants were assigned to one of three intervention arms: physician advice, assistance, or counseling.

The Effectiveness of Lifestyle Physical Activity Interventions to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease.

Lifestyle interventions have evolved from proof of concept pilot studies to efficacy and effectiveness studies and have now moved toward translation and dissemination studies because of their demonstrated ability to improve cardiovascular diseases (CVD) outcomes including blood pressure. When combined with diet, they also have demonstrated the ability to normalize blood glucose and help to regulate weight. This review highlights the converging lines of evidence that led to lifestyle physical activity interventions beginning with early epidemiology studies and provides evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of lifestyle interventions.

Prevalence of self-reported postpartum depression specific to season and latitude of birth: evaluating the PRAMS data.

To determine whether season of infant birth or amount of daylight at time and location of birth is a risk factor for self-reported postpartum depression (PPD). The primary hypothesis was that the prevalence of PPD will peak during the darkest winter months. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) Phase 5 (2004-2006) data set (N = 67,079).

Insulin resistance and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Patients And Methods: In this cross-sectional evaluation of 118 survivors of childhood ALL (median age, 23.0 years; range, 18 to 37 years), insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Social-cognitive correlates of physical activity in a multi-ethnic cohort of middle-school girls: two-year prospective study.

Objective: The study examined social-cognitive correlates of physical activity in a multi-ethnic cohort of girls from six regions of the United States who participated in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls during their 6th and 8th grade school years.

Methods: Girls completed validated questionnaires and wore accelerometers that measured weekly physical activity in the spring of 2002 and 2005.

Results: In 8th grade, self-efficacy and perceived social support had indirect relations with physical activity mediated through perceived barriers, which was inversely related to physical activity.

Validity of social-cognitive measures for physical activity in middle-school girls.

Objective: The factorial validity and measurement equivalence/invariance of scales used to measure social-cognitive correlates of physical activity among adolescent girls were examined.

Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to questionnaire responses obtained from a multi-ethnic sample (N = 4885) of middle-school girls from six regions of the United States. A cohort of 1893 girls completed the scales in both sixth and eighth grades, allowing longitudinal analysis.

Obesity among those with mental disorders: a National Institute of Mental Health meeting report.

The National Institute of Mental Health convened a meeting in October 2005 to review the literature on obesity, nutrition, and physical activity among those with mental disorders. The findings of this meeting and subsequent update of the literature review are summarized here. Levels of obesity are higher in those with schizophrenia and depression, as is mortality from obesity-related conditions such as coronary heart disease.

Active for life: final results from the translation of two physical activity programs.

Background: Most evidence-based programs are never translated into community settings and thus never make a public health impact.

Design: Active for Life (AFL) was a 4-year translational initiative using a pre-post, quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from 2003 to 2007.

Depressive symptoms and physical activity in adolescent girls.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity in a geographically and ethnically diverse sample of sixth-grade adolescent girls.

Methods: The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) baseline measurement included a random sample (N = 1721) of sixth-grade girls in 36 schools at six field sites. Measurements were accelerometry and the 3-d Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) for physical activity, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) for depressive symptoms.