Cell-specific oxidative metabolism of the renal cortex.

Unlabelled: The metabolic health of the kidney is a primary determinant of the risk of progressive kidney disease. Our understanding of the metabolic processes that fuel kidney functions is limited by the kidney's structural and functional heterogeneity. As the kidney contains many different cell types, we hypothesize that intra-renal mitochondrial heterogeneity contributes to cell-specific metabolism.

Hepatic ketogenesis is not required for starvation adaptation in mice.

Objective: In response to bacterial inflammation, anorexia of acute illness is protective and is associated with the induction of fasting metabolic programs such as ketogenesis. Forced feeding during the anorectic period induced by bacterial inflammation is associated with suppressed ketogenesis and increased mortality. As ketogenesis is considered essential in fasting adaptation, we sought to determine the role of ketogenesis in illness-induced anorexia.

When a calorie isn't just a calorie: a revised look at nutrition in critically ill patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury.

Purpose Of Review: To discuss how nutritional management could be optimized to promote protective metabolism in sepsis and associated acute kidney injury.

Recent Findings: Recent evidence suggests that sepsis is a metabolically distinct critical illness and that certain metabolic alterations, such as activation of fasting metabolism, may be protective in bacterial sepsis. These findings may explain the lack of survival benefit in recent randomized controlled trials of nutrition therapy for critical illness.

Fasting-induced HMGCS2 expression in the kidney does not contribute to circulating ketones.

Mitochondrial hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) is the rate-limiting enzyme in ketogenesis. The liver expresses high levels of HMGCS2 constitutively as the main ketogenic organ. It has been suggested that the kidney could be ketogenic as HMGCS2 is expressed in the kidney during fasting and diabetic conditions.