Corrigendum to: Management of Tricuspid Regurgitation: The Role of Transcatheter Therapies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.15420/icr.2017:3:2.

Reintroducing Heart Sounds for Early Detection of Acute Myocardial Ischemia in a Porcine Model - Correlation of Acoustic Cardiography With Gold Standard of Pressure-Volume Analysis.

Background: Acoustic cardiography is a hybrid technique that couples heart sounds recording with ECG providing insights into electrical-mechanical activity of the heart in an unsupervised, non-invasive and inexpensive manner. During myocardial ischemia hemodynamic abnormalities appear in the first minutes and we hypothesize a putative diagnostic role of acoustic cardiography for prompt detection of cardiac dysfunction for future patient management improvement.

Methods And Results: Ten female Swiss large white pigs underwent permanent distal coronary occlusion as a model of acute myocardial ischemia.

Transcatheter aortic valve-in-ring implantation: feasibility in an acute, preclinical, pilot trial.

Objectives: The HAART ring device has been introduced as a novel strategy to facilitate aortic valve repair. This rigid, elliptical device aims to restore normal leaflet configuration and to provide annular stabilization in the setting of aortic regurgitation. The goal of this preclinical study is to evaluate the in vivo feasibility of 'aortic valve-in-ring' transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Echocardiographic-fluoroscopic fusion imaging for transcatheter mitral valve repair guidance.

The echocardiographic-fluoroscopic fusion imaging is a new imaging system which has recently become available, with the proposal to facilitate catheters and device navigation during catheter-based structural heart disease interventions. Several reports have described the early developments and the first clinical experiences, but literature focusing on the practical applications of fusion imaging technology to mitral valve transcatheter interventions, and on its potential advantages and current limitations, is still limited. In this review, we, therefore, describe the role of this novel imaging system during Mitraclip, Cardioband, and paravalvular leak closure interventions.

Management of Tricuspid Regurgitation: The Role of Transcatheter Therapies.

Surgical treatment is the gold standard treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) but this carries high risks of morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous procedures are an attractive alternative to surgery for selected patients deemed to be high-risk surgical candidates. A number of tricuspid transcatheter devices have been developed to treat FTR, but at present, evidence of their efficacy and safety is scarce.

Ongoing and future directions in percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation.

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the major valvular disease. Although surgical mitral valve (MV) repair is the standard of care for patients with severe MR, an unmet need exists in the management of patients with severe symptomatic MR and high surgical risk. Transcatheter MV therapies are alternative treatment option in such patients with moderate to severe and symptomatic MR.

Evaluation of Valtech's transcatheter mitral valve repair device.

Functional mitral regurgitation is a debilitating condition, related to worsening of functional capacity and heart failure symptomatology. Cardioband (Valtech Cardio, Or Yehuda, Israel) is a novel technology designed for transcatheter repair of the mitral valve in the treatment of functional MR. Areas covered: A brief summary to direct the reader to important further reading, relevant websites; www.

Percutaneous repair of the tricuspid valve using a novel cinching device: acute and chronic experience in a preclinical large animal model.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, technical feasibility and performance of a new trans-catheter tricuspid repair system.

Methods And Results: Thirty-one adult swine underwent implantation of a transcatheter tricuspid remodelling system under general anaesthesia. The steerable transcatheter device was introduced through a 24 Fr femoral sheath into the right femoral vein and delivered to the tricuspid annulus on the beating heart.

Transcatheter direct mitral valve annuloplasty with the Cardioband system for the treatment of functional mitral regurgitation.

Direct mitral valve annuloplasty is a transcatheter mitral valve repair approach that mimics the conventional surgical approach to treat functional mitral regurgitation. The Cardioband system (Valtech Cardio, Inc., Or-Yehuda, Israel) is delivered by a trans-septal approach and the implant is performed on the atrial side of the mitral annulus, under live echo and fluoroscopic guidance using multiple anchor elements.

A creative transcatheter approach to correct complex recurring mitral regurgitation after previous surgical repair.

Aims: Leaflet perforations are usually not treated by interventional therapy. In our case we describe a clinical scenario after previous surgical repair of mitral regurgitation combining several treatment strategies for correction.

Methods And Results: Under general anaesthesia, and using echocardiographic as well as fluoroscopic guidance, a transseptal approach was carried out and two MitraClips were implanted at the level of A2/P2.

Percutaneous tricuspid valve therapies: the new frontier.

Moderate-to-severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) affects ∼1.6 million patients in the USA, of whom only 8000 undergo tricuspid surgery annually; this results in an extremely large number of untreated patients with significant TR. Therefore, there is a large unmet clinical need for patients with severe TR who are not referred for conventional surgery, mainly due to expected high surgical risk.

Transcatheter direct mitral annuloplasty with Cardioband: feasibility and efficacy trial in an acute preclinical model.

Aims: The aim of the study was to report preclinical safety and feasibility of a new transcatheter direct mitral annuloplasty intervention in an acute animal model.

Methods And Results: Twenty healthy pigs underwent Cardioband (Valtech Cardio, Or Yehuda, Israel) transcatheter implantation under intracardiac echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance. Through a neo inferior vena cava approach, transseptal access was arranged.

Current challenges in interventional mitral valve treatment.

Transcatheter mitral valve therapies have emerged as an alternative option in high surgical risk or inoperable patients with severe and symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR). As multiple technologies and different approaches will become available in the field of mitral valve interventions, different challenges are emerging, both patient- (clinical challenges) and procedure-related (technical challenges). This review will briefly explore the current open challenges in the evolving fields of interventional mitral valve treatment.

Upper ministernotomy.

During the past 50 years, median sternotomy has been the gold standard approach in cardiac surgery with excellent long-term outcomes. However, since the 1990 s, minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has gained wide acceptance due to patient and economic demand. The advantages include less surgical trauma, less bleeding, less wound infections, less pain and faster recovery of the patients.

Right lateral mini-thoracotomy for mitral valve surgery.

Since the 1990 s, minimally invasive cardiac surgery has gained wide acceptance due to patient and economic demand. The advantages are less trauma, less bleeding, less wound infections, less pain and faster recovery. Many studies showed that the outcomes are comparable with those of conventional sternotomy.

Left anterior small thoracotomy for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

Since the 1990 s, minimally invasive cardiac surgery has gained wide acceptance due to patient and economic demand. The advantages are less trauma, bleeding, wound infections, pain and faster recovery. Many studies showed that the outcomes are comparable with those of conventional sternotomy.

Median sternotomy.

Sternotomy is considered to be the gold standard incision in cardiac surgery, resulting in low failure rates and excellent proven long-term outcomes. It can also be used in thoracic surgery for mediastinal, bilateral pulmonary or lower trachea and main stem bronchus surgery. Sternotomy has to be performed properly to avoid short- and long-term morbidity and mortality.

Pre-clinical In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Heart Valve Therapies.

Heart valve disease is a frequently encountered pathology, related to high morbidity and mortality rates. Animal models are interesting to investigate the causality but also underlying mechanisms and potential treatments of human heart valve diseases. Strongly believing that both in vivo and ex vivo models are fundamental to support research and development of new technologies, we here report some examples of heart valve disease models, which in our experience have been actively used to support the development of new valve therapies.

Transcatheter mitral repair and replacement: state of the art and future directions.

Many patients affected by severe mitral regurgitation (MR) do not currently undergo surgery, mainly because of the high surgical risk due to old age, impaired left ventricular function and comorbidities. Consequently, many transcatheter devices are emerging with the purpose of treating MR in a less-invasive fashion, using different approaches and addressing different anatomic targets. The most widely used device in the clinical setting at present is the MitraClip system (Abbott Vascular, Inc.

A translational "humanised" porcine model for transcatheter mitral valve interventions: the neo inferior vena cava approach.

Aims: Preclinical studies and translational animal models are fundamental for the development of new clinical interventions. Compared to human anatomy, pigs present a more anterior heart position in the chest which may jeopardise the imaging and testing of devices designed to be delivered to the human mitral valve. To imitate human anatomy, we developed a novel model to "humanise" a pig heart.