Correlation of Ultrasound Scores with Endoscopic Activity in Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Exploratory Study.

Background And Aims: Intestinal ultrasound [IUS] is widely accepted as a reliable tool to monitor Crohn's disease [CD]. Several IUS scores have been proposed, but none has been formally accepted by international organizations. Our aim here was to compare the available scores regarding their correlation with endoscopic activity.

Vitamin D regulates claudin-2 and claudin-4 expression in active ulcerative colitis by p-Stat-6 and Smad-7 signaling.

Purpose: The tight junctions (TJ) responsible for the integrity of the intestinal barrier are altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the physiopathological mechanisms that lead to this alteration are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D, which regulates the integrity of the epithelial barrier by expressing TJ proteins, reduces claudin-2 (Cl-2) levels by inhibiting Stat-6 phosphorylation and whether it increases claudin-4 (Cl-4) levels by blocking Smad-7 activity.

Methods: Biopsies were obtained from inflamed and non-inflamed tracts of the right side colon (caecum or ascending colon) from the same patient with active UC.

Resveratrol decreases TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression and release by Sirt-1-independent mechanism in intestinal myofibroblasts.

Up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its soluble form are involved in the chronic inflammation. For the first time, we demonstrated that resveratrol (RE), a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, reduces the increase of expression and release of ICAM-1, due to TNFα-induced oxidative stress, in a myofibroblast cell line derived from human colonic (18Co cells). RE is scavenger of radical oxygen species (ROS) and modulates signaling pathways in which Sirt-1 and NF-κB are involved.

Vitamin D regulates the tight-junction protein expression in active ulcerative colitis.

Objective: Epithelial barrier function is primarily regulated by the tight-junction proteins. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by Th2 immune response with inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction, including an elevation of claudin-2 protein function. Recent studies support an important role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis as well as potential therapy of IBD.

New endoscopic imaging techniques in surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease.

Endoscopy plays a crucial role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Advances imaging techniques allow visualization of mucosal details, tissue characteristics and cellular alteration. In particular chromoendoscopy, magnification endoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy seem to have the possibility to radically modify the approach to surveillance and decision making.

CT colonography after incomplete colonoscopy in subjects with positive faecal occult blood test.

Aim: To report our experience with computed tomography colonography (CTC) systematically performed in subjects with positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT) and an incomplete colonoscopy in the setting of a population-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: From April 2006 to April 2007, 43290 individuals (age range 50-70) who adhered to the regional screening program for the prevention of CRC underwent immunochemical FOBT. FOBT was positive in 1882 subjects (4.

Synergistic inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A and vitamin D derivatives on T-lymphocyte proliferation in active ulcerative colitis.

Objective: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the hormonal active form of vitamin D3, could represent a potentially therapeutic agent in autoimmune diseases. Cyclosporin A (CsA) shows immunoregulatory properties, which, in many respects, seem to be similar to those of 1,25(OH)2D3. Our aim was to investigate the possible synergistic effect exerted by CsA in combination with 1,25(OH)2D3 or its nonhypercalcemic analogues, EB 1089 and KH 1060, on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes obtained from active ulcerative colitis patients.