Exploratory study on the quality of forensic assessments using the Istanbul Protocol in a virtual versus face-to-face environment.

Introduction: With the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, most torture victim care centres had to adapt their forensic assessment methods and move to online methodologies. Therefore, it is essential to assess the advan-tages and disadvantages of this type of inter-vention, which seems to be here to stay.

Method: Structured administered surveys were conducted with professionals (n=21) and with torture survivors (SoT) (n=21) from a sample of 21 Istanbul Protocols (IP).

Refugee Camps as Torturing Environments-An Analysis of the Conditions in the Moria Reception Center (Greece) Based on the Torturing Environment Scale.

Background: European countries apply a policy of deterrence of migrants in territorial and extraterritorial border areas. The authors apply the model of torturing environments, which has been already applied to other contexts where persons are deprived of liberty, to the situation of the reception center of Moria, on the island of Lesvos (Greece).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the months of April and June of 2020.

Torturing environments and multiple injuries in Mexican migration detention.

Mexico's role in the US-Central American migration regime is threefold: not only is it a country of origin, and a transit country, but also increasingly becoming a receiving country for migrants who flee from violence, insecurity and poverty. The Mexican state responds with detention enforcement. Clinical research usually puts emphasise on the negative impact of detention enforcement on the detainees' mental health.

[Inadequate use of the Istanbul Protocol in the assessment of torture victims by forensic professionals in Mexico].

Objective: To analyse forensic practices in the Attorney General's Office (previously PGR by its acronym in Spanish, and FGR at present), in the application of the Istanbul Protocol on torture and/or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

Method: Auditing of the fulfillment of 20 criteria (4 of good research practice, 16 of validity of the evidence documentation) through the analysis of 54 medical-psychological reports made by 21 doctors and 27 psychologists of the PGR/FGR. The reliability of the assessment instrument was excellent (kappa=0.