Repeated HyperArc radiosurgery for recurrent intracranial metastases and dosimetric analysis of recurrence pattern to account for diffuse dose effect on microscopical disease.

Aims: Evaluate effectiveness and safety of multiple HyperArc courses and patterns of progression in patients affected by BMs with intracranial progression.

Methods: 56 patients were treated for 702 BMs with 197 (range 2-8) HyperArc courses in case of exclusive intracranial progression. Primary end-point was the overall survival (OS), secondary end-points were intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS), toxicity, local control (LC), neurological death (ND), and whole-brain RT (WBRT)-free survival.

Prostate volume variation during 1.5T MR-guided adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and correlation with treatment toxicity.

Introduction: To evaluate prostate volume change during daily-adaptive prostate SBRT on 1.5 T MR-linac and to correlate it with treatment toxicity.

Methods: a series of patients affected by low-to-intermediate risk prostate cancer was treated by 5-fraction SBRT within a prospective study (Prot.

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Abiraterone Acetate for Patients Affected by Oligometastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial (ARTO).

Purpose: ARTO (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03449719) is a multicenter, phase II randomized clinical trial testing the benefit of adding stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP) in patients with oligometastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Materials And Methods: All patients were affected by oligometastatic CRPC as defined as three or less nonvisceral metastatic lesions.

Three Months' PSA and Toxicity from a Prospective Trial Investigating STereotactic sAlvage Radiotherapy for Macroscopic Prostate Bed Recurrence after Prostatectomy-STARR (NCT05455736).

Biochemical recurrences after radical prostatectomy (RP) can be managed with curative purpose through salvage radiation therapy (SRT). RT dose escalation, such as stereotactic RT (SSRT), may improve relapse-free survival in this setting. STARR trial (NCT05455736) is a prospective multicenter study including patients affected by macroscopic recurrence within the prostate bed after RP treated with SSRT.

Impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy vs palliative radiotherapy on oncologic outcomes of patients with metastatic kidney cancer concomitantly treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a preliminary, multicentre experience.

Purpose: To explore the benefit yielded by radiotherapy (RT), we report a series of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with concomitant RT plus Nivolumab.

Methods/patients: Patients undergoing Nivolumab treatment plus concomitant RT (ablative or palliative) were included. RT was defined Ablative if >5 Gy/fraction were delivered.

Prospective assessment of AR splice variant and multi-biomarker expression on circulating tumor cells of mCRPC patients undergoing androgen receptor targeted agents: interim analysis of PRIMERA trial (NCT04188275).

Circulating tumor cells detection and ARV7 expression are associated with worse clinical outcomes in metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) undergoing Androgen Receptor Targeted Agents. ARFL, PSMA and PSA may help to refine prognostic models. In our institution, a prospective observational trial testing CTC detection in mCPRC undergoing I line ARTA therapy terminated the planned enrollment in 2020.

Radiotherapy in prostate cancer after kidney transplant in 6 cases.

Background: Patients who received a kidney transplant (KT) are described in literature as a group with a higher incidence of malignant neoplasms compared to the general population. Cancer development after KT has become a major issue, as a remarkable percentage of patients are diagnosed with cancer. Treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is a challenging issue that has been discussed by many authors over the years, but evidence is sparse and often includes conflicting reports.

SIRT2 and SIRT3 expression correlates with redox imbalance and advanced clinical stage in patients with multiple myeloma.

Objectives: Sirtuins comprise seven family elements (SIRT1-7) involved in various cell signalling pathways comprising cancer inhibition and tumorigenesis. The present study aims to evaluate SIRT2 and SIRT3 gene expression and potential redox reactions in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at onset and its correlation with disease status, extent and presence of organ damage secondary to myeloma.

Design & Methods: Total RNA was extracted from 17 MM patients and 10 controls to assess gene expression using real-time PCR.

Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs.

The use of viruses for tumour treatment has been imagined more than one hundred years ago, when it was reported that viral diseases were occasionally leading to a decrease in neoplastic lesions. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) seem to have a specific tropism for tumour cells. Previously, it was hypothesised that OVs' antineoplastic actions were mainly due to their ability to contaminate, proliferate and destroy tumour cells and the immediate destructive effect on cells was believed to be the single mechanism of action of OVs' action.

Promising Anti-Mitochondrial Agents for Overcoming Acquired Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable tumor due to the high rate of relapse that still occurs. Acquired drug resistance represents the most challenging obstacle to the extension of survival and several studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms of this phenomenon. Mitochondrial pathways have been extensively investigated, demonstrating that cancer cells become resistant to drugs by reprogramming their metabolic assessment.

Diagnostic utility of Sudoscan for detecting bortezomib-induced painful neuropathy: a study on 18 patients with multiple myeloma.

Introduction: In the past few years, treatment of multiple myeloma has undergone a deep change for the employment of novel treatment comprising proteasome inhibitors. Bortezomib is a first-line drug in therapy of multiple myeloma. The onset of peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting collateral effect of the drug.

Quantitative polymerase Chain reaction profiling of microRNAs in peripheral lymph-monocytes from MGUS subjects.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a pre-malignant abnormality of plasma cells, with increased serum levels of immunoglobulins. Patients with MGUS may evolve to multiple myeloma through a multistep process including deregulated gene expression. microRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional regulation of crucial biological processes, such as morphogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and cancer.

New Frontiers about the Role of Human Microbiota in Immunotherapy: The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapy Era.

Microbiota is considered an independent organ with the capability to modulate tumor growth and response to therapies. In the chemo-free era, the use of new immunotherapies, more selective and effective and less toxic, led to the extension of overall survival of patients, subject to their ability to not stop treatment. This has focused scientists' attention to optimize responses by understanding and changing microbiota composition.

Altered Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profile in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients with osteolytic lesions. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) is an infrequent drug-caused adverse event of these agents. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a set of more than 200 base pairs, noncoding RNA molecules, which are critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression.

Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathogenesis and management strategies.

In October 2019, a viral infectious disease appeared in the city of Wuhan in China. A new betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been recognized as the responsible pathogen in this infection. Although coronavirus disease is principally expressed as a pulmonary infection, critical SARS-CoV-2 infection is frequently complicated with coagulopathy, and thromboembolic events are recognizable in several patients.

Changes in Serum Interleukin-8 and sRAGE Levels in Multiple Myeloma Patients.

Background/aim: Although numerous cytokines influence proliferation and progression of multiple myeloma (MM), a relevant action in the onset of the disease also seems to be played by the oxidative state.

Patients And Methods: In the present study we evaluated the concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in patients with MM, assessing the existing variations with respect to a control group and the possible existence of correlations between these molecules and the biological variables or the presence of a correlation between IL-8 and sRAGE. The study was conducted on 33 patients affected by MM compared to 39 healthy subjects.

Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment in hematological patients: current understanding of chemobrain in hematology.

: Cognitive impairment caused by chemotherapies, a condition known as chemobrain, is a possible side effect that affects alertness, learning, memory, and concentration.: Chemobrain has been principally investigated as a possible side-effect among cancer patients. However, numerous drugs used to treat hematological malignancies can determine the appearance of chemobrain.

Therapeutic potential of antagomiRs in haematological and oncological neoplasms.

Background: The importance of the role of MicroRNAs (or miRNAs) has been emphasised by the large number of studies in human tumour cells, underlining the high impact of post-transcriptional processes in cancer onset, progression, invasion and metastatisation. Currently known as oncomiR, real databases are collecting all the smaller fragments of RNA capable of participating in the oncogenesis.

Aims: With the aim to collect for the first time the most important acquisitions in literature about antagomiRs in oncology, our narrative review is born with the purpose of showing that specific antisense oligonucleotides, capable to bind and antagonise single or multiple miRNAs, are effective as therapeutic compounds.

Formaldehyde Exposure and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review of the Literature.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between cumulative and peak formaldehyde exposure and occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia. A comprehensive search was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies presenting information about the role of formaldehyde in leukemic occurrence and mortality risk.

Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies.

The correct localization of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm is fundamental for cellular homeostasis and is controlled by a bidirectional transport system. Exportin 1 (XPO1) regulates the passage of numerous cancer-related proteins. In this review, we summarize the development of a novel class of antitumor agents, known as selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs).

[Efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in a primary double-refractory IgM multiple myeloma.].

We report the case of a young man and good PS, diagnosed with a stage II A Durie-Salmon, II ISS and II Revised-ISS IgM kappa Multiple Myeloma. After refractoriety to the I and II-line induction therapies, including novel and novel novel agents, we decided to treat the patient with conventional high dose chemotherapy, with dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin (DCEP), achieving a very good partial response (VGPR). Furthermore, we discuss histopathologic patterns, to make a correct differential diagnosis with others IgM-correlated disorders.

Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammatory Cytokines of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma.

Almost all multiple myeloma (MM) cases have been demonstrated to be linked to earlier monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Nevertheless, there are no identified characteristics in the diagnosis of MGUS that have been helpful in differentiating subjects whose cancer may progress to a malignant situation. Regarding malignancy, the role of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines at the beginning of neoplastic diseases is now incontestable.

Relationship between mitofusin 2 and cancer.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose actions are fundamental for cell viability. Within the cell, the mitochondrial system is incessantly modified via the balance between fusion and fission processes. Among other proteins, mitofusin 2 is a central protagonist in all these mitochondrial events (fusion, trafficking, contacts with other organelles), the balance of which causes the correct mitochondrial action, shape, and distribution within the cell.