Effects of surface-attached durations, nutrients, and relative humidity on the resuspension of bacteria during human walking.

Resuspension caused by human walking activities is an important source of indoor bioaerosols and has been associated with health effects such as allergies and asthma. However, it is unknown whether inhalation of resuspended bioaerosols is an important exposure pathway for airborne infection. Also, crucial factors influencing the resuspension of settled microbes have not been quantified.

Respiratory particle emission rates from children during speaking.

The number of respiratory particles emitted during different respiratory activities is one of the main parameters affecting the airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens. Information on respiratory particle emission rates is mostly available for adults (few studies have investigated adolescents and children) and generally involves a limited number of subjects. In the present paper we attempted to reduce this knowledge gap by conducting an extensive experimental campaign to measure the emission of respiratory particles of more than 400 children aged 6 to 12 years while they pronounced a phonetically balanced word list at two different voice intensity levels ("speaking" and "loudly speaking").

Airborne respiratory aerosol transport and deposition in a two-person office using a novel diffusion-based numerical model.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses transmitted mainly through exposure to airborne respiratory droplets and aerosols carrying the virus.

Objective: To assess the transport and dispersion of respiratory aerosols containing the SARS-CoV-2 virus and other viruses in a small office space using a diffusion-based computational modeling approach.

Methods: A 3-D computational model was used to simulate the airflow inside the 70.

Cross-link augmentation enhances CFR-PEEK short fixation in lumbar metastasis stabilization.

Spinal stability plays a crucial role in the success of the surgical treatment of lumbar vertebral metastasis and, in current practice, less invasive approaches such as short constructs have been considered. Concurrently, carbon fiber-reinforced (CFR) poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) fixation devices are expanding in oncologic spinal surgery thanks to their radiotransparency and valid mechanical properties. This study attempts to provide an exhaustive biomechanical comparison of different CFR-PEEK surgical stabilizations through a highly reproducible experimental setup.

Soft tissue sarcomas of the buttock: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas of the buttock (BSTS) are historically associated with a poor prognosis. The literature includes retrospective studies with small sample size. It is difficult to estimate the rate of local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM) and overall survival (OS).

Characterizing respiratory aerosol emissions during sustained phonation.

Objective: To elucidate the role of phonation frequency (i.e., pitch) and intensity of speech on respiratory aerosol emissions during sustained phonations.

Variability in expiratory trajectory angles during consonant production by one human subject and from a physical mouth model: Application to respiratory droplet emission.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to improve understanding of droplet transport during expiratory emissions. While historical emphasis has been placed on violent events such as coughing and sneezing, the recognition of asymptomatic and presymptomatic spread has identified the need to consider other modalities, such as speaking. Accurate prediction of infection risk produced by speaking requires knowledge of both the droplet size distributions that are produced, as well as the expiratory flow fields that transport the droplets into the surroundings.

Challenges in the provision of kidney care at the largest public nephrology center in Guatemala: a qualitative study with health professionals.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, and the majority of the CKD burden is in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is wide variability in global access to kidney care therapies such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. The challenges health professionals experience while providing kidney care in LMICs have not been well described.

Ten questions concerning the implications of carpet on indoor chemistry and microbiology.

Carpet and rugs currently represent about half of the United States flooring market and offer many benefits as a flooring type. How carpets influence our exposure to both microorganisms and chemicals in indoor environments has important health implications but is not well understood. The goal of this manuscript is to consolidate what is known about how carpet impacts indoor chemistry and microbiology, as well as to identify the important research gaps that remain.

Validation process of Toronto Exremity Salvage Score in Italian: A quality of life measure for patients with extremity bone and soft tissue tumors.

Background And Objectives: Limb salvage surgery remains the standard treatment in bone and soft tissue tumors. Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) is the most used quality of life measure. Our objective was to perform cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Italian, testing test-retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness.

Hourly land-use regression models based on low-cost PM monitor data.

Land-use regression (LUR) models provide location and time specific estimates of exposure to air pollution and thereby improve the sensitivity of health effects models. However, they require pollutant concentrations at multiple locations along with land-use variables. Often, monitoring is performed over short durations using mobile monitoring with research-grade instruments.

Estimating Hourly Concentrations of PM across a Metropolitan Area Using Low-Cost Particle Monitors.

There is concern regarding the heterogeneity of exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) across urban areas leading to negatively biased health effects models. New, low-cost sensors now permit continuous and simultaneous measurements to be made in multiple locations. Measurements of ambient PM were made from October to April 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 to assess the spatial and temporal variability in PM and the relative importance of traffic and wood smoke to outdoor PM concentrations in Rochester, NY, USA.

An evaluation of the impact of flooring types on exposures to fine and coarse particles within the residential micro-environment using CONTAM.

Typical resuspension activities within the home, such as walking, have been estimated to contribute up to 25% of personal exposures to PM10. Chamber studies have shown that for moderate walking intensities, flooring type can impact the rate at which particles are re-entrained into the air. For this study, the impact of residential flooring type on incremental average daily (24 h) time-averaged exposure was investigated.

Intra- and inter-observer reliability of ten major histological scoring systems used for the evaluation of in vivo cartilage repair.

Purpose: In the last two decades, many surgical techniques have been described for articular cartilage repair. Reliable histological scoring systems are fundamental tools to evaluate new procedures. Several histological scoring systems have been described, and these can be divided in elementary and comprehensive scores, according to the number of sub-items.

Time for new methods for avoidance of house dust mite and other allergens.

Asthma is a common disease in which environmental exposures and lifestyle factors play critical roles in expression and symptoms. Recommended methods for reducing exposure to domestic allergens as a component of asthma and rhinitis management have changed little over the last 30 years. The data that implementation of these provides clinical benefit are inconsistent.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction creating the femoral tunnel through the anteromedial portal. Surgical technique.

The anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a common procedure that improves stability and function of the knee. The surgical technique continues to evolve and many issues are still under debate. These mainly include: (1) graft selection (patellar tendon, hamstring, quadriceps tendon, or allografts), (2) surgical technique (double versus single bundle), and (3) femoral tunnel drilling.

No early tibial tray loosening after surface cementing technique in mobile-bearing TKA.

Controversy still exists regarding which cementation technique of the tibial component is preferable. Full cementation showed excellent long-term outcomes, and surface cementation with fixed-bearing designs provided excellent mid-term results. Concerns have been expressed about possible rotary forces to the tibial rotating platform, when the tibial stem remains cementless, with the risk of early loosening.

Long-term results of cementless anatomic total hip replacement in dysplastic hips.

This perspective study analyzes the long-term outcomes of cementless anatomic total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Between 1990 and 2004, 100 ABG total hip prosthesis were implanted in 87 patients with DDH. The average follow-up was 9 years (range 4-18 years).

Resuspension of indoor aeroallergens and relationship to lung inflammation in asthmatic children.

Studies have shown links between the concentration of allergens found in homes and asthma. Inhalation of allergens present in settled residential dust can occur when the dust is resuspended via human activity or air currents. Although previous studies have measured allergen concentrations in homes, the focus has been on the presence of the allergens in settled dust samples.

NexGen LPS rotating platform total knee arthroplasty: medium-term results of a prospective study.

The purpose of this study is to present midterm results of NexGen LPS (Zimmer, Warsaw) rotating platform total knee arthroplasty. A prospective consecutive series of 50 primary rotating platform total knee replacements in 43 patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated at a mean follow-up of 46.4 (range 30-78) months.

Accessory soleus in the athletes: literature review and case report of a massive muscle in a soccer player.

Accessory soleus is a rare congenital anatomical variant, which may manifest in the second/third decade of life as an exertional ankle pain and swelling or as an asymptomatic postero-medial mass. The incidence of this condition ranges from 0.7 to 5.

Estimating the resuspension rate and residence time of indoor particles.

Resuspension experiments were performed in a single-family residence. Resuspension by human activity was found to elevate the mass concentration of indoor particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microm (PM10) an average of 2.5 times as high as the background level.

Factor analysis of submicron particle size distributions near a major United States-Canada trade bridge.

A factor analytic model has been applied to resolve and apportion particles based on submicron particle size distributions downwind of a United States-Canada bridge in Buffalo, NY. The sites chosen for this study were located at gradually increasing distances downwind of the bridge complex. Seven independent factors were resolved, including four factors that were common to all of the five sites considered.