Prognostic Effect of Lymph Node Metastases and Mesenteric Deposits in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Small Bowel.

Well-differentiated, low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the most frequent tumor types of the small bowel. Despite their generally indolent growth patterns and grade, these tumors tend to metastasize; indeed, at presentation, approximately 50% show nodal metastases and 30% of patients have distant metastases, even though they potentially show long survival. Little is available in the literature concerning the optimal nodal yield in small-bowel resections, and the clinical significance of nodal metastases and lymph node ratio (LNR) at this site is still debated.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: New Weapons Against Medullary Thyroid Cancer?

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm that originates from thyroid C cells. Surgery, with complete resection of the tumor, is the only curative approach. However, in most cases, the tumor recurs at locoregional or metastatic level.

"Present and future of immunotherapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors".

Immunotherapy, so promising in many neoplasms, still does not have a precise role in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this article, we provide an overview on the current knowledge about immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) applied to NENs, evaluating future perspectives in this setting of tumors.Evidence so far available for ICIs in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NENs is definitively not as robust as for other tumors such as Small Cell Lung Cancer or Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Emerging Therapies in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Starting Blocks.

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are neuroendocrine neoplasms, originating in the adrenal medulla and in parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous system ganglia, respectively. They usually present as localized tumours curable with surgery. However, these tumours may exhibit heterogeneous clinical course, ranging from no/minimal progression to aggressive (progressive/metastatic) behavior.

Left Ventricular Mass Reduction by a Low-Sodium Diet in Treated Hypertensive Patients.

Objective: To evaluate the left ventricular mass (LVM) reduction induced by dietary sodium restriction.

Patients And Methods: A simple sodium-restricted diet was advised in 138 treated hypertensives. They had to avoid common salt loads, such as cheese and salt-preserved meat, and were switched from regular to salt-free bread.

Determining the relationship between load markers and non-contact injuries during the competitive season among professional and semi-professional basketball players.

This study examined the association and predictive ability of internal load markers (based on rating of perceived exertion, RPE) with non-contact injuries in basketball. 35 basketball players (age: 24 ± 6 years, stature: 196 ± 9 cm, body mass: 91 ± 12 kg) were prospectively followed during 1 or 2 seasons, during which non-contact injuries were recorded. Markers examined were: mean weekly RPE, weekly load, exposure, week-to-week load change, acute:chronic 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 load ratio.

Epidemiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a gender perspective.

Purpose: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are a group of clinically rare and heterogeneous tumors of the pancreas. Currently there are no studies investigating the gender difference in PNEN susceptibility. Thus, the purpose of this study was aimed at examining how gender shapes risk factors, clinicopathological features, and comorbidities in PNENs.

Cross-sectional and prospective study on anti-Müllerian hormone changes in a cohort of pre-menopausal women with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) decreases acutely after post-surgical radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation in females with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Aim: We performed a cross-sectional and prospective study on AMH levels in pre-menopausal females with a history of DTC.

Methods: Fifty-nine females after surgery and RAI (group 1) and 30 females after surgery alone (group 2) were studied.