Reviewing historical traditional knowledge for innovative conservation management: A re-evaluation of wetland grazing.

Wetlands are fragile, dynamic systems, transient at larger temporal scales and strongly affected by long-term human activities. Sustaining at least some aspects of human management, particularly traditional grazing, would be especially important as a way of maintaining the "necessary" disturbances for many endangered species. Traditional ecological knowledge represents an important source of information for erstwhile management practices.

An ethnobotanical perspective on traditional fermented plant foods and beverages in Eastern Europe.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Fermented food and beverages represent an important part of the worldwide foodscape, medicinal food domain and domestic strategies of health care, yet relevant traditional knowledge in Europe is poorly documented.

Methods: Review of primary ethnographic literature, archival sources and a few ad-hoc ethnobotanical field studies in seven selected Eastern European countries (Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Kosovo, and Poland) were conducted.

Results: Current or recently abandoned uses of 116 botanical taxa, belonging to 37 families in fermented food or medicinal food products were recorded.