3D Bioprinting Techniques and Bioinks for Periodontal Tissues Regeneration-A Literature Review.

The periodontal tissue is made up of supporting tissues and among its functions, it promotes viscoelastic properties, proprioceptive sensors, and dental anchorage. Its progressive destruction by disease leads to the loss of bone and periodontal ligaments. For this reason, biomaterials are constantly being developed to restore tissue function.

Carbon fiber felt scaffold from Brazilian textile PAN fiber for regeneration of critical size bone defects in rats: A histomorphometric and microCT study.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the carbon fiber obtained from textile PAN fiber, in its different forms, as a potential scaffolds synthetic bone. Thirty-four adult rats were used (Rattus norvegicus, albinus variation), two critical sized bone defects were made that were 5 mm in diameter. Twenty-four animals were randomly divided into four groups: control (C)-bone defect + blood clot, non-activated carbon fiber felt (NACFF)-bone defect + NACFF, activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF)-bone defect + ACFF, and silver activated carbon fiber felt (Ag-ACFF)-bone defect + Ag-ACFF, and was observed by 15 and 60 days for histomorphometric, three-dimensional computerized microtomography (microCT) and mineral apposition analysis.

Carbon fiber: Characterization and evaluation of the inflammatory response and toxicity in rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the Carbon Fiber obtained from PAN textile and cotton fiber in their different forms of presentation: non-activated carbon fiber felt (NACFF), activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF), silver activated carbon fiber felt (Ag-ACFF), and activated carbon fiber tissue (ACFT), to obtain scaffolds as a potential material with properties related to the synthetic bone graft. Characterization tests performed: surface wettability, traction, swelling, and in vivo tests: evaluation of the inflammatory response by implanting the materials in the subcutaneous tissue of 14 Wistar rats, evaluation of collagen fibers by picrosirius red staining and assessment of toxicity in the following organs: heart, spleen, liver, and kidney. In the wettability test, NACFF and ACFT were hydrophobic (θ124° and 114°), ACFF and Ag-ACFF were hydrophilic.

Effect of the pulsed electromagnetic field in the repair of a calvaria critical bone defect in rats: cone beam computed tomographic and histomorphometric analysis.: PEMF in the repair of a calvaria critical bone defect: CBCT analyses.

Introduction: The present study evaluated the effect of two protocols of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) therapy on bone neoformation on calvaria critical defects in rats.

Material & Methods: 96 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control Group (CG; n=32); Test Group - PEMF 1 hour (TG1h; n=32) and Test Group - PEMF 3 hour (TG3h; n=32). A Critical-size Bone Defect (CSD) was surgically created in the calvaria of rats.

Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy Associated With Biphasic Phosphate Calcium on Bone Repair: A Histomorphometric Study in Rats.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy associated with biphasic calcium phosphate on calvaria critical defects in rats. Forty-eight (90 days old) adult male rats (, Albinus variation, Wistar) received critical defects of 5 mm in diameter, which were made on their skull, and they were randomly assigned into the following groups: C-blood clot, B-biphasic calcium phosphate, L-photobiomodulation therapy, and B + L-biphasic calcium phosphate + photobiomodulation therapy. A low-level a gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser was applied in a single dose during surgery, in a wavelength of 660 nm and total energy density of 45 J/cm.

Evaluation of a novel restorative protocol to treat non-carious cervical lesion associated with gingival recession: a 2-year follow-up randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare 2 different resin composites and 2 adhesive systems used in a new restorative protocol (partial restoration) to treat non-carious cervical lesions associated with gingival recession type 1 (RT1).

Material And Methods: Eighty combined defects (CDs) were treated with a partial restoration and periodontal plastic surgery for root coverage. The CDs were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: NP + TE (n = 20), nanofilled composite and 2-step total-etch adhesive system; NP + UA (n = 20), nanofilled composite and universal adhesive system; MH + TE (n = 20), microhybrid composite and 2-step total-etch adhesive; MH + UA (n = 20), microhybrid composite and universal adhesive.

Effects of the Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Experimental Periodontitis and Estrogen Deficiency.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease resulting from a complex polymicrobial infection that causes tissue destruction in susceptible individuals. Osteoporosis has been associated with greater clinical attachment loss in patients with periodontitis. Experimental studies have shown positive results in the treatment of osteoporosis through pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation.

The Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Different Doses on Bone Repair of Critical Size Defects in Rats: A Histomorphometric Study.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) appears to induce osteogenesis and stimulate fracture repair; because of its capacity, it is considered a promising treatment, but the characteristics of response to different radiation doses must be investigated through studies to establish their safety and effectiveness. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the effects of the PBM at different doses on the repair of critical bone defects through histological and histomorphometric analyses. Sixty 90-day-old adult rats (, , Wistar) weighing approximately 300 g were used.

One-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Bioresorbable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stents in High Bleeding Risk Patients.

Background It is unknown whether contemporary drug-eluting stents have a similar safety profile in high bleeding risk patients treated with 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary interventions. Methods and Results We performed an interventional, prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial, powered for noninferiority with respect to an objective performance criterion to evaluate the safety of percutaneous coronary interventions with Synergy bioresorbable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent followed by 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with high bleeding risk. In case of need for an oral anticoagulant, patients received an oral anticoagulant in addition to a P2Y inhibitor for 1 month, followed by an oral anticoagulant only.

Comparison of two types of xenogeneic matrices to treat single gingival recessions: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Xenogeneic matrices (XMs) have been increasingly used for root coverage procedures. This study compared the use of two types of XM (collagen matrix [CM] and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix [XDM]) associated with the coronally advanced flap technique (CAF) to treat single gingival recessions.

Methods: Seventy-five patients presenting single RT1 gingival recession were treated by CAF (control group, n = 25), CAF+CM (test group 1, n = 25), or CAF+XDM (test group 2, n = 25) and completed 6-month follow-up.

Bone repair assessment of critical size defects in rats treated with mineralized bovine bone (Bio-Oss®) and photobiomodulation therapy: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) with bovine bone matrix on critical size defects in rats. Seventy-two adult male rats (albinus, Wistar), 90 days old, were used. Defect of 5 mm in diameter was made in their calvaria.

Early detection of elevated cardiac biomarkers to optimise risk stratification in patients with COVID-19.

Objective: Risk stratification is crucial to optimise treatment strategies in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the impact on mortality of an early assessment of cardiac biomarkers in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital (Rozzano-Milan, Lombardy, Italy) is a tertiary centre that has been converted to the management of COVID-19.

Microcurrent electrotherapy improves palatal wound healing: Randomized clinical trial.

Background: This study was conducted to assess the clinical, immunological, and patient-centered outcomes of microcurrent electrotherapy on palatal wound healing.

Methods: This was a parallel, double-masked randomized clinical trial, in which 53 patients with ridge preservation indications were selected and randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the control (sham) group (n = 27), palatal wounds, after free gingival grafts (FGG) harvest, received sham application of electrotherapy.

Omega-3 PUFA and aspirin as adjuncts to periodontal debridement in patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Randomized clinical trial.

Background: Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and low-dose aspirin (ASA) have been proposed as a host modulation regimen to control chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and immunological impact of orally administered ω-3 PUFA and ASA as adjuncts to periodontal debridement for the treatment of periodontitis in patients type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Seventy-five patients (n = 25/group) were randomly assigned to receive placebo and periodontal debridement (CG), ω-3 PUFA + ASA (3 g of fish oil/d + 100 mg ASA/d for 2 months) after periodontal debridement (test group [TG]1), or ω-3 PUFA + ASA (3 g of fish oil/d + 100 mg ASA/d for 2 months) before periodontal debridement (TG2).

Influence of Cigarette Smoke Inhalation on an Autogenous Onlay Bone Graft Area in Rats with Estrogen Deficiency: A Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemistry Study.

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke inhalation on an autogenous onlay bone graft area, either covered with a collagen membrane or not, in healthy and estrogen-deficient rats through histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry.

Materials And Methods: Sixty female rats (Wistar), weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided and allocated into groups (either exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation or not, ovariectomized and SHAM). After 15 days, the test group underwent cigarette smoke inhalation.

Evaluation of the local effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment with and without systemic antibiotic and photodynamic therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis. A randomized clinical trial.

Background: This study's aim was to evaluate the local effect of clarithromycin associated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: The study sample comprised 72 periodontal pockets on single-rooted teeth in multiple quadrants, with both probing depth and clinical attachment level ≥5 mm, and with bleeding on probing. The pockets were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 18 each) that received ultrasonic periodontal debridement in addition to placebo (the UPD group), systemic clarithromycin (the UPD + CLM group), aPDT (the UPD + aPDT group), or both systemic clarithromycin and aPDT (the UPD + CLM + aPDT group).

Periodontal response to orthodontic tooth movement in diabetes-induced rats with or without periodontal disease.

Background: Systemic conditions can influence orthodontic tooth movement. This study evaluates histologic periodontal responses to orthodontic tooth movement in diabetes-induced rats with or without periodontal disease.

Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided according their systemic condition (SC) into diabetic (D) and non-diabetic (ND) groups.

Comparison of the effects of sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis on blood pressure in normotensive individuals and patients with controlled hypertension: a controlled clinical trial.

This study assessed the blood pressure (BP) of normotensive subjects and subjects with pharmacologically controlled hypertension after sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis. Forty subjects were divided into 2 groups: a normotensive control group (n = 20) and a hypertensive group (n = 20). Blood pressure measurements were conducted at 4 timepoints: prior to the dental prophylaxis (T0), immediately after treatment (Ti), 15 minutes after treatment (T15), and 30 minutes after treatment (T30).

Local adjunct effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetics: split-mouth double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

Diabetes has become a global epidemic. Its complications can have a significant impact on quality of life, longevity, and public health costs. The presence of diabetes might impair the prognosis of periodontal treatments due to its negative influence on wound healing.

Comparison of two power densities on the healing of palatal wounds after connective tissue graft removal: randomized clinical trial.

Unlabelled: Connective tissue graft (CTG), which is considered to be among the best techniques for treating gingival recession, has presented stable long-term results. However, this technique causes morbidity and discomfort in the palatine region due to graft removal at that site. A previous study reports that photobiomodulation (PBM) using a dosage of 15 J/cm(2) may improve wound healing and the patient's postoperative comfort.

Connective tissue graft associated or not with low laser therapy to treat gingival recession: randomized clinical trial.

Background: To evaluate the treatment of gingival recession with a connective tissue graft (CTG) alone or in combination with low-level laser therapy (CTG + L).

Methods: Forty patients presenting 40 Miller Class I and II gingival recessions were included. The defects were randomly assigned to receive either CTG (n = 20) or CTG + L (n = 20).

The RANK/ RANKL/ OPG interaction in the repair of autogenous bone grafts in female rats with estrogen deficiency.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resorption process during the repair of autogenous bone grafts with or without coverage by an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane in female rats with estrogen deficiency using the immunohistochemical technique. Eighty female rats were randomly divided into two groups (OVX and SHAM). The 40 female rats in the OVX group were subjected to ovariectomy, and the 40 female rats in the SHAM group were subjected to simulated ovariectomy.

Immunolocalization of bone morphogenetic protein 2 during the early healing events after guided bone regeneration.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunolocalization of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) after autogenous block grafting covered or not with an e-PTFE membrane.

Study Design: Forty-eight rats were divided into 2 groups, autogenous block graft (B) and autogenous block graft + e-PTFE membrane (MB), and were evaluated by immunohistochemistry at baseline and 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 days.

Results: The largest number of positive cells in the recipient bed was observed after 3 days in both groups.

Influence of osteopenia in autogenous bone graft healing with or without expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes: histologic and histomorphometric study in rats.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate and qualitatively describe autogenous bone graft healing with or without an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane in ovariectomized rats.

Materials And Methods: Eighty Wistar rats, weighing approximately 300 g each, were used. A graft was obtained from the parietal bone and fixed to the sidewall of each animal's left mandibular ramus.

Revascularization of autogenous block grafts with or without an e-PTFE membrane.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the revascularization process of autogenous bone block grafts placed with or without an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane.

Materials And Methods: Thirty Wistar male rats had their mandibles augmented by either an autogenous bone block graft (group A) or an autogenous bone block graft covered with an e-PTFE membrane (group B). The animals were sacrificed by perfusion at baseline, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery.