Implementing an Oral Health Educator Contributes to Reduced MBI-CLABSI Rates for Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients.

Background: Mucosal barrier injury central line-associated bloodstream infections (MBI-CLABSIs) remain a challenge among the pediatric cancer population. These infections commonly occur by oral or gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria translocating through impaired gut or oral mucosa. Although strategies to prevent gut MBI-CLABSIs are well characterized, oral pathogen prevention strategies are lacking.

Inventory of state workers' compensation laws in the United States: first responder mental health.

We conducted a comprehensive review of state workers' compensation laws in the United States to evaluate the extent to which they support first responders with mental injury. Most state workers' compensation systems divide mental injuries into categories based on their presumed etiology: physical-mental, mental-physical, and mental-mental. Major differences exist among states as to which workers are eligible.

Levofloxacin prophylaxis for pediatric leukemia patients: monitoring of outcomes for sustained benefit and consequences.

Levofloxacin prophylaxis reduces bloodstream infections in neutropenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study compares incidence of bacteremia, multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), and (CDI) between time periods of levofloxacin prophylaxis implementation. Benefits were sustained without increasing MDRO or CDI.

An updated analysis of safety climate and downstream outcomes in two convenience samples of U.S. fire departments (FOCUS 1.0 and 2.0 survey waves).

Background: The Fire service Organizational Culture of Safety (FOCUS) survey is an assessment tool comprised of psychometrically validated metrics of safety climate, safety behavior, and downstream outcomes (organizational and injury) that are specific to the U.S. fire and rescue service.

Self-reported health impacts of do-it-yourself air cleaner use in a smoke-impacted community.

Background: Smoke exposure from wildfires or residential wood burning for heat is a public health problem for many communities. Do-It-Yourself (DIY) portable air cleaners (PACs) are promoted as affordable alternatives to commercial PACs, but evidence of their effect on health outcomes is limited.

Objective: Pilot test an evaluation of the effect of DIY PAC usage on self-reported symptoms, and investigate barriers and facilitators of PAC use, among members of a tribal community that routinely experiences elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM) from smoke.

EMERG-ing data: Multi-city surveillance of workplace violence against EMS responders.

Problem: Between 1980 and 2021, emergency medical services (EMS) calls experienced a 421% increase, while calls for fires declined by 55%. The more exposure, the more the opportunity for workplace violence (WPV). Due to the non- existence of a reporting system that captures physical and verbal violence, it has been difficult to quantify the degree of WPV experienced by the U.

Intellectual conflicts of interest among cardiology and pulmonology clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Intellectual conflicts of interest (COI), like financial COI, may threaten the validity and trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). However, comparatively little is known about intellectual COI in CPGs. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of intellectual COI and corresponding management strategies among cardiology and pulmonology CPGs.

By Nature, We're Doers and Problem Solvers: Evolving Job Demands and Resources in Response to COVID-19 Among US-Based Fire Service Personnel (The RAPID Study II).

Objective: The US fire service experienced increased demands due to COVID-19. This qualitative study explored the pandemic's impact on work-life balance and safety.

Methods: Five interviews and 10 focus groups were conducted with 15 fire departments in the COVID-19 RAPID Mental Health Assessment.

Assessing the Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on US Fire-Based Emergency Medical Services Responders: A Tale of Two Samples (The RAPID Study I).

Objective: This study aimed to examine the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on fire service safety culture, behavior and morale, levers of well-being, and well-being outcomes.

Methods: Two samples (Stress and Violence against fire-based EMS Responders [SAVER], consisting of 3 metropolitan departments, and Fire service Organizational Culture of Safety [FOCUS], a geographically stratified random sample of 17 departments) were assessed monthly from May to October 2020. Fire department-specific and pooled scores were calculated.

Interplay between Safety Climate and Emotional Exhaustion: Effects on First Responders' Safety Behavior and Wellbeing Over Time.

Various job demands continuously threaten Emergency Medical Service (EMS) first responders' safety and wellbeing. Drawing on Job Demands-Resources Theory, the present study examines the effects of the organizational context-safety climate-and the psychological context-emotional exhaustion-on safety behaviors and wellbeing over time. We tested our hypotheses in a longitudinal study of 208 EMS first responders nested within 45 stations from three fire departments in US metropolitan areas over 6 months during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Women's Health Initiative cancer survivorship clinic incorporating electronic patient-reported outcomes: a study protocol for the Linking You to Support and Advice (LYSA) randomized controlled trial.

Background: The improved survival rate for many cancers in high-income countries demands a coordinated multidisciplinary approach to survivorship care and service provision to ensure optimal patient outcomes and quality of life. This study assesses the feasibility of introducing a Women's Health Initiative cancer survivorship clinic in Ireland.

Methods: The trial https://spcare.

A Novel Oncodental Collaborative Team: Integrating Expertise for Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Prevention in Pediatric Oncology Patients.

Purpose: Pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplant patients are at high risk of infection, and limitations to dental expertise among medical providers render patients vulnerable to central line-associated bloodstream infections from oral pathogens. Traditionally, oral health maintenance relied on patients and bedside nurses; however, routine methods are often suboptimal to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infection in high-risk patients. Limited overlap of medical and dental expertise, and limited dental resources in typical oncology units, prevent optimal oral care for children with cancer, requiring novel solutions to better integrate specialties.

Establishing a baseline for surgical care in Mongolia: a situational analysis using the six indicators from the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery.

Objectives: To inform national planning, six indicators posed by the Commission on Global Surgery were collected for the Mongolian surgical system. This situational analysis shows one lower middle-income country's ability to collect the indicators aided by a well-developed health information system.

Design: An 11-year retrospective analysis of the Mongolian surgical system using data from the Health Development Center, National Statistics Office and Household Socio-Economic Survey.

Pretreatment and During-Treatment Weight Trajectories in Black and White Women.

Introduction: Black participants often lose less weight than White participants in response to behavioral weight-loss interventions. Many participants experience significant pretreatment weight fluctuations (between baseline measurement and treatment initiation), which have been associated with treatment outcomes. Pretreatment weight gain has been shown to be more prevalent among Black participants and may contribute to racial differences in treatment responses.

American Indian/Alaska native access to colorectal cancer screening: Does gastroenterologist density matter?

Background: American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) receive less colorectal cancer (CRC) screening than other populations. Using gastroenterologist (GI) locations as a measure of colonoscopy access, we correlate GI density and AI/AN CRC screening rates.

Methods: We identified GIs from the 2016 National Provider Identifier registry, and calculated GI density per 100,000 people.

Model Policies to Protect U.S. Fire-Based EMS Responders From Workplace Stress and Violence.

The stress and violence to fire-based emergency medical service responders (SAVER) Systems-Level Checklist is an organizational-level intervention to address stress and violence in emergency medical service (EMS), focused on the development of policy and training. Fire and EMS leadership, first responders, dispatchers, and labor union representatives participated in the SAVER Model Policy Collaborative to develop model policies that resulted from the most feasible checklist items. ThinkLets technology was employed to achieve consensus on the model policies, and an Action SWOT analysis was then conducted to assess facilitators and barriers to policy implementation.

Size matters: How safety climate and downstream outcomes vary by fire department organization type.

Background: Safety climate is an upstream predictor of safety behaviors (e.g., safety compliance), organizational outcomes (e.

Correlates of psychological distress among adults with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The present study evaluated changes in stress and loneliness among participants with obesity engaged in weight loss self-management in the United States (US) during COVID-19, and identified factors that may increase risk or protect against psychosocial distress during this time.

Design: Participants who were enrolled in a weight self-management program prior to the COVID-19 pandemic ( = 55, 91% female, 36% Caucasian, mean age = 49.8 years) completed an online survey about social, economic and health behaviour changes during COVID-19 and their relationship to changes in perceived stress and loneliness.

Levofloxacin prophylaxis for pediatric leukemia patients: Longitudinal follow-up for impact on health care-associated infections.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with leukemia. Antibiotic prophylaxis during periods of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia may reduce the incidence of BSIs.

Procedure: A levofloxacin prophylaxis guideline was implemented for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Current practices in the management of central airway obstruction.

Purpose Of Review: Airway obstruction continues to cause substantial pulmonary morbidity and mortality. We present a review of classic, current, and evolving management techniques, highlighting recently published studies on the topic. Recommendations have historically been primarily based on anecdotal experience, case reports, and retrospective studies, but more solid evidence has emerged in the last decade.

The COVID-19 pandemic and weight management: Effective behaviors and pandemic-specific risk factors.

Background: Obesity and comorbid conditions are associated with worse outcomes related to COVID-19. Moreover, social distancing adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic may predict weight gain due to decreased physical activity, increased emotional eating, and social isolation. While early studies suggest that many individuals struggled with weight management during the pandemic, less is known about healthy eating and weight control behaviors among those enrolled in weight loss programs.

Analysis of conflict of interest policies among organizations producing clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Conflicts of interest (COI) jeopardize the validity of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). When the Institute of Medicine promulgated COI policies in 2011, few organizations met these requirements, but it is unknown if organizations have improved their policies since that time. We sought to evaluate current adherence to IOM standards of COI policies.