Core Cariology Curriculum Framework in Spanish for Latin American dental schools: development and consensus.

The aim of this study was to develop and achieve consensus on a cariology teaching framework for dental schools in Latin American Spanish-speaking countries. The Delphi process, with a ≥8 0% pre-defined participants' agreement, included three phases and a Coordinating Group. During the Preparation phase three panels of experts were selected and invited to participate: a) Regional academic/professional Dental Associations (Associations-Panel): n = 12; b) Regional Dental Schools (Dental-Schools-Panel): existing dental schools (n = 263) from the 19 Spanish-speaking regional countries; c) International academic/professional associations Peer Experts (Peer-Panel): n = 4.

Gold Nanoparticles for Monitoring of Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Loaded Bioresorbable Polymeric Wraps for Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded polymeric perivascular wraps have been shown to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation. However, the wraps' radiolucency makes their placement and integrity difficult to monitor. Through electrospinning, we infused gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into polycaprolactone (PCL) wraps to improve their radiopacity and tested whether infusion affects the previously reported beneficial effects of the wraps on the AVF's outflow vein.

Liver Cancer Vascularity Driven by Extracellular Matrix Stiffness: Implications for Imaging Research.

Background: Extracellular matrix stiffness represents a barrier to effective local and systemic drug delivery. Increasing stiffness disrupts newly formed vessel architecture and integrity, leading to tumor-like vasculature. The resulting vascular phenotypes are manifested through different cross-sectional imaging features.

Bioresorbable Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Loaded Electrospun Polymeric Scaffold Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia Following Arteriovenous Fistula Formation in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Bioresorbable perivascular scaffolds loaded with antiproliferative agents have been shown to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation by inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). These scaffolds, which can mimic the three-dimensional architecture of the vascular extracellular matrix, also have an untapped potential for the local delivery of cell therapies against NIH. Hence, an electrospun perivascular scaffold from polycaprolactone (PCL) to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and gradual elution at the AVF's outflow vein is fabricated.

Tracing ΦX174 bacteriophage spreading during aerosol-generating procedures in a dental clinic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the plausibility of using the ΦX174 bacteriophage as a tracer of viral aerosols spreading in a dental aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) model.

Methods: ΦX174 bacteriophage (~ 10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL) was added into instrument irrigation reservoirs and aerosolized during class-IV cavity preparations followed by composite fillings on natural upper-anterior teeth (n = 3) in a phantom head. Droplets/aerosols were sampled through a passive approach that consisted of Escherichia coli strain C600 cultures immersed in a LB top agar layer in Petri dishes (PDs) in a double-layer technique.

Tactile perception of roughness to assess activity in artificial initial caries lesions with a novel force-controlled probe.

Roughness-tactile perception is part of activity assessment in initial-caries-lesions. Hypothesizing that a probe's design influences this examiner's assessment, four probes were designed. The aims of this study were to select the probe with highest inter-/intra-examiners' roughness-assessment agreement and to determine its diagnostic accuracy on artificial initial-caries lesions.

Effectiveness of the ICCMS caries management system for children: a 3-year multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Objective: This 3-year multicentre randomised controlled trial compared, in 6-7-year-old Colombian children, the effectiveness of the ICCMS (International Caries Classification and Management System) with a conventional caries-management system (CCMS) in terms of individual caries-risk, caries lesions, and secondarily, oral-health-related knowledge/attitudes/practices, and number of appointments.

Material And Methods: With ethical approval, 240 6-7-year olds from six Colombian clinics were recruited. Trained examiners conducted the following baseline/follow-up assessments: Caries risk (Cariogram-ICCMS); caries severity/activity staging (ICDAS-merged combined radiographic/visual); sealants/fillings/missing teeth, and oral-health-related knowledge, attitudes and practices.

Effect of bead size and doxorubicin loading on tumor cellular injury after transarterial embolization and chemoembolization in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Embolic agents used in transarterial embolization for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma reduce blood flow into tumors and can deliver anticancer drugs. Tumor blood supply can be interrupted using doxorubicin-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) or non-loaded beads (TAE) of different calibers. In this preclinical study, we characterized the extent of remaining stressed tumor cells after treatment, hypoxia within the surviving tumor regions, and inflammatory immune cell infiltrates after embolization with 40-60 or 70-150 μm with non-loaded or doxorubicin-loaded beads at 3 and 7 days after treatment.

CariesCare International adapted for the pandemic in children: Caries OUT multicentre single-group interventional study protocol.

Background: Comprehensive caries care has shown effectiveness in controlling caries progression and improving health outcomes by controlling caries risk, preventing initial-caries lesions progression, and patient satisfaction. To date, the caries-progression control effectiveness of the patient-centred risk-based CariesCare International (CCI) system, derived from ICCMS™ for the practice (2019), remains unproven. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic a previously planned multi-centre RCT shifted to this "Caries OUT" study, aiming to assess in a single-intervention group in children, the caries-control effectiveness of CCI adapted for the pandemic with non-aerosols generating procedures (non-AGP) and reducing in-office time.

A novel irinotecan-lipiodol nanoemulsion for intravascular administration: pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in the normal and tumor bearing rat liver.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States and treatment options are limited for patients who develop liver metastases. Several chemotherapeutic regimens have been used for transvascular liver-directed therapy in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases without clear evidence of superiority of one therapy over another. We describe the development of a novel nanoemulsion through combining irinotecan (IRI), a first line systemic agent used for the treatment of colon cancer, with lipiodol, an oily contrast medium derived from poppy seed oil, and evaluated its pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile as a function of portal venous chemoembolization (PVCE) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) delivery.

Hepatic Arterial Bland Embolization Increases Th17 Cell Infiltration in a Syngeneic Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: To determine the tumor immune cell landscape after transcatheter arterial bland embolization (TAE) in a clinically relevant rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model.

Materials And Methods: Buffalo rats (n = 21) bearing syngeneic McArdle RH-7777 rat hepatoma cells implanted into the left hepatic lobe underwent TAE using 70-150 µm beads (n = 9) or hepatic artery saline infusion (n = 12). HCC nodules, peritumoral margin, adjacent non-cancerous liver, and splenic parenchyma were collected and disaggregated to generate single-cell suspensions for immunological characterization 14 d after treatment.

Factors impacting technical success rate of image-guided intra-arterial therapy in rat orthotopic liver tumor model.

Transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the current standard of care for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. To study the effects of TACE in the tumor immune microenvironment, an immunocompetent rat model is required. The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing technical success during hepatic arterial catheterization in immunocompetent orthotopic rat liver models.

Angiographic Atlas of the Visceral Vascular Anatomy in Translational Rat Models.

Purpose: To characterize angiographic and cross-sectional imaging anatomy of the rat visceral vasculature in 2 translational models.

Materials And Methods: Animal studies were conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. Retrospective review of digital subtraction arteriography was performed in 65 Wistar and 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats through a left common carotid artery or right common femoral artery approach.

Comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for evaluation of the effects of sorafenib in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of changes in tissue vascularization as result of sorafenib treatment in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Male Buffalo rats with orthotopic liver tumors treated daily with 7.5 mg/kg sorafenib via oral gavage for 2 weeks (n = 9) were subject to DCE-MRI and CEUS 2 weeks after tumor implantation - right before treatment initiation - and also after treatment completion - right before tumor harvest.

How Long does it Take to Examine Young Children with the Caries ICDAS System and how do they Respond?

A caries-epidemiological study using the ICDASepi-merged system was conducted in Colombian young children. This study aimed at associating the time needed for the clinical examination of caries and caries risk in 1 to 5-year-old children according to age and caries risk, and to assess behavior and child pain self-perception during examination according to age. After IRB approval and given parents/caregivers' informed consent, seven trained examiners assessed 1 to 5-year olds in kindergartens under local field conditions.

Visual and radiographic merged-ICDAS caries progression pattern in 2-6 years old Colombian children: Two-year follow-up.

Aim: To describe the 2-year clinical and combined with radiographic caries progression pattern in three cohorts of 2-(a), 4-(b), and 6-yr-old children (c).

Design: Baseline sample comprised 600 children (each-cohort: n = 200). Children's dental surfaces were clinically assessed at schools without air-drying (epi) in terms of: Clinical (C) caries lesions (d/D) with ICDASepi-merged system (C-ICDASepi-d/D:Sound/Initial-epi/Moderate/Extensive); fillings (f/F), and missing teeth (m/M).