Pharmacist contributions to the ten essential services of public health in three National Association of Boards of Pharmacy regions.

Background: Pharmacists have contributed to improved population health through the delivery of public health services, but their contributions often go unrecognized within the larger health care system.

Objectives: To determine pharmacist perceptions of their contributions to the 10 essential services of public health and to compare those contributions among pharmacists in Iowa, North Dakota, and Manitoba.

Methods: Licensed pharmacists in Iowa, North Dakota, and Manitoba were sent an online survey of their perceived level of achievement of the 10 essential services of public health.

Assessment of pharmacists' delivery of public health services in rural and urban areas in Iowa and North Dakota.

Background: The profession of pharmacy is expanding its involvement in public health, but few studies have examined pharmacists' delivery of public health services.

Objective: To assess Iowa and North Dakota pharmacists' practices, frequency of public health service delivery, level of involvement in achieving the essential services of public health, and barriers to expansion of public health services in rural and urban areas.

Methods: This study implemented an on-line survey sent to all pharmacists currently practicing pharmacy in Iowa and North Dakota.