Both Maternal High-Fat and Post-Weaning High-Carbohydrate Diets Increase Rates of Spontaneous Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Aged-Mouse Offspring.

Both maternal obesity and postnatal consumption of obesogenic diets contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is no consensus as to whether diets that are high in fat or carbohydrates/sugars differentially influence the development of HCC. Moreover, the long-term effects of prenatal HF exposure on HCC and whether this is influenced by postnatal diet has not yet been evaluated.

Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Biliary Tract Cancer: Prognostic Implications and Correlation with Histology.

Introduction: Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency represents a biomarker and therapeutic target in various neoplasms, but its role in biliary tract cancers (BTCs) remains misunderstood.

Methods: MMR status was retrospectively assessed using immunohistochemistry in 163-BTCs patients. We identified MMR proficiency (pMMR)/deficiency (dMMR) according to the loss of MMR proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6).

An Unexpected Case of Infection Revealed during Liver Transplantation.

A man with hepatitis B infection was admitted to Pisa University Hospital for hepatological evaluation, which revealed multiple cystic lesions and suggested a cirrhotic evolution. Treatment with Entecavir 0.5 mg/day was started, resulting in rapid viral load suppression and alanine aminotransferase normalization.

Response assessment of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: Is apparent diffusion coefficient useful on 3 T magnetic resonance imaging?

Aim: To assess the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on 3 T device for the prediction of tumoral response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and for the response assessment after nCRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), using pathology as a reference.

Methods: Forty-one patients affected by LARC undergoing 3.0 T MRI before and after nCRT were retrospectively selected.

Ex-vivo human pancreatic specimen evaluation by 7 Tesla MRI: a prospective radiological-pathological correlation study.

Purpose: To compare the characteristics detected by 7Tesla (7 T) MR and the histological composition of ex-vivo specimens from lesions diagnosed at preoperative CT scan as Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Materials And Methods: Ten pancreatic specimens were examined. The 7 T imaging protocol included both morphologic and quantitative sequences; the latter was acquired by conventional methods and a novel multiparametric method, the magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) sequence.

Liver and White/Brown Fat Dystrophy Associates with Gut Microbiota and Metabolomic Alterations in 3xTg Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

Metabolic impairments and liver and adipose depots alterations were reported in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting the role of the liver-adipose-tissue-brain axis in AD pathophysiology. The gut microbiota might play a modulating role. We investigated the alterations to the liver and white/brown adipose tissues (W/BAT) and their relationships with serum and gut metabolites and gut bacteria in a 3xTg mouse model during AD onset (adulthood) and progression (aging) and the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and intranasal insulin (INI).

Evidence of a Gastro-Duodenal Effect on Adipose Tissue and Brain Metabolism, Potentially Mediated by Gut-Liver Inflammation: A Study with Positron Emission Tomography and Oral FDG in Mice.

Interventions affecting gastrointestinal (GI) physiology suggest that the GI tract plays an important role in modulating the uptake of ingested glucose by body tissues. We aimed at validating the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with oral FDG administration in mice, and to examine GI effects on glucose metabolism in adipose tissues, brain, heart, muscle, and liver, and interfering actions of oral lipid co-administration. We performed sequential whole-body PET studies in 3 groups of 10 mice, receiving i.

Maternal High-Fat Feeding Affects the Liver and Thymus Metabolic Axis in the Offspring and Some Effects Are Attenuated by Maternal Diet Normalization in a Minipig Model.

Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) affects metabolic and immune development. We aimed to characterize the effects of maternal HFD, and the subsequent diet-normalization of the mothers during a second pregnancy, on the liver and thymus metabolism in their offspring, in minipigs. Offspring born to high-fat (HFD) and normal diet (ND) fed mothers were studied at week 1 and months 1, 6, 12 of life.

Maturation of the Visceral (Gut-Adipose-Liver) Network in Response to the Weaning Reaction versus Adult Age and Impact of Maternal High-Fat Diet.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is a major cause of chronic pathologies, of which maternal obesity is a frequent risk factor. Gut wall and microbiota, visceral fat, and liver form a pre-systemic network for substrates and pro-inflammatory factors entering the body, undergoing accelerated maturation in early-life when the weaning reaction, i.e.

Leptin resistance before and after obesity: evidence that tissue glucose uptake underlies adipocyte enlargement and liver steatosis/steatohepatitis in Zucker rats from early-life stages.

Background: Leptin resistance occurs in obese patients, but its independent contribution to adiposity and the accompanying metabolic diseases, i.e., diabetes, liver steatosis, and steatohepatitis, remains to be established.

In Reply.

This letter to the editor responds to comments by Hori et al. on the recently published study on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and HER2 positivity rate.

Treating Type 1 Diabetes by Pancreas Transplant Alone: A Cohort Study on Actual Long-term (10 Years) Efficacy and Safety.

Background: Physiologically regulated insulin secretion and euglycemia are achievable in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by islet or pancreas transplantation. However, pancreas transplant alone (PTA) remains a debated approach, with uncertainties on its relative benefits and risks. We determined the actual long-term (10 y) efficacy and safety of PTA in carefully characterized T1D subjects.

Stroma composition and proliferative activity are related to therapy response in neoadjuvant treated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Tumor regression grading (TRG) based on histopathology is the main tool to assess therapy effects after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, reliable markers to distinguish therapy effects from pre-existing tumor features are lacking. The aim of this study was the characterization of PDAC after NAT, focusing on the stroma.

Reproducibility of tumor budding assessment in pancreatic cancer based on a multicenter interobserver study.

Tumor budding has been reported to be an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Its use in daily diagnostics would improve the prognostic stratification of patients. We performed a multicenter interobserver study to test various budding assessment methods for their reproducibility.

7-T MRI of explanted liver and ex-vivo pancreatic specimens: prospective study protocol of radiological-pathological correlation feasibility (the EXLIPSE project).

The study focuses on radiological-pathological correlation between imaging of ex vivo samples obtained by a 7-T scanner and histological examination. The specimens will be derived from native explanted cirrhotic livers, liver grafts excluded from donation because of severe steatosis, and primary pancreatic tumours. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations will be performed within 24 h from liver or pancreatic lesion surgical removal.

Factors predicting survival in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing pancreatectomy with arterial resection.

Pancreatectomy with arterial resection is a treatment option in selected patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to identify factors predicting cancer-specific survival in this patient population. A single-Institution prospective database was used.

HER2 Overexpression as a Poor Prognostic Determinant in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer.

Background: HER2 overexpression has been investigated as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in biliary tract cancer (BTC), but a prognostic role of such alteration has not been demonstrated yet.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 100 patients with radically resected BTC. HER2 gene amplification was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 2+ and 3+ cases at IHC.

Tumor Regression Grading Assessment in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer After Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX: Interobserver Agreement and Prognostic Implications.

Neoadjuvant therapy represents an increasingly used strategy in pancreatic cancer, and this means that more pancreatic resections need to be evaluated for therapy effect. Several grading systems have been proposed for the histological assessment of tumor regression in pre-treated patients with pancreatic cancer, but issues like practical application, level of agreement and prognostic significance are still debated. To date, a standardized and widely accepted score has not been established yet.

Early Tumor Shrinkage and Depth of Response Evaluation in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Treated with First Line Chemotherapy: An Observational Retrospective Cohort Study.

Early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and depth of response (DoR) predict favorable outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer. We aim to evaluate their prognostic role in metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC) patients treated with first-line modified-FOLFIRINOX (FOLFOXIRI) or Gemcitabine + Nab-paclitaxel (GemNab). Hence, 138 patients were tested for ETS, defined as a ≥20% reduction in the sum of target lesions' longest diameters (SLD) after 6-8 weeks from baseline, and DoR, i.

A propensity score-matched analysis of robotic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer based on margin status.

Background: No study has shown the oncologic non-inferiority of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) versus open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) for pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: This is a single institution propensity score matched study comparing RPD and ODP for resectable PC, based on factors predictive of R1 resection (≤ 1 mm). Only patients operated on after completion of the learning curve in both procedures and for whom circumferential margins were assessed according to the Leeds pathology protocol were included.

Incidence and reasons of pancreatic resection in patients with asymptomatic serous cystadenoma.

Background/objectives: Despite diagnostic refinements, pancreatic resection (PR) is eventually performed in some patients with asymptomatic serous cystadenoma (A-SCA). The aim of this study was to define incidence and reasons of PR in A-SCA.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was performed for all the patients referred for pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) between January 2005 and March 2016.

TERT promoter mutations and their correlation with BRAF and RAS mutations in a consecutive cohort of 145 thyroid cancer cases.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and accounts for ~80% of thyroid carcinomas in adults and 90% in children. Risk stratification is important for identifying patients at higher risk and, for this reason, recent advances in molecular genetics of thyroid cancer can be applied to provide novel biomarkers useful in understanding tumor behavior. B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and rat sarcoma (RAS) mutations have been widely studied and appear to have an important role in thyroid tumorigenesis.

Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the parathyroid gland 16 years after radical nephrectomy: A case report.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a high metastatic potential, and most commonly metastasizes via the bloodstream, although lymphatic metastases also occur. RCC is well-known for its propensity to metastasize to unusual sites, and late metastasis, even after a number of years, is common. The occurrence of RCC metastasis to the head and neck region is uncommon, and occurs primarily in the thyroid gland and in patients with widespread dissemination.