Airway management in neonates and infants: European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and British Journal of Anaesthesia joint guidelines.

Airway management is required during general anaesthesia and is essential for life-threatening conditions such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Evidence from recent trials indicates a high incidence of critical events during airway management, especially in neonates or infants. It is important to define the optimal techniques and strategies for airway management in these groups.

Apnoeic oxygenation during paediatric tracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Supplemental oxygen administration by apnoeic oxygenation during laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation is intended to prolong safe apnoea time, reduce the risk of hypoxaemia, and increase the success rate of first-attempt tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia. This systematic review examined the efficacy and effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation during tracheal intubation in children.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies in paediatric patients requiring tracheal intubation, evaluating apnoeic oxygenation by any method compared with patients without apnoeic oxygenation.

Airway management in neonates and infants: European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and British Journal of Anaesthesia joint guidelines.

Airway management is required during general anaesthesia and is essential for life-threatening conditions such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Evidence from recent trials indicates a high incidence of critical events during airway management, especially in neonates or infants. It is important to define the optimal techniques and strategies for airway management in these groups.

Emergency front-of-neck access in infants: A pragmatic crossover randomized control trial comparing two approaches on a simulated rabbit model.

Background: Rapid-sequence tracheotomy and scalpel-bougie tracheotomy are two published approaches for establishing emergency front-of-neck access in infants. It is unknown whether there is a difference in performance times and success rates between the two approaches.

Aims: The aim of this cross-over randomized control trial study was to investigate whether the two approaches were equivalent for establishing tracheal access in rabbit cadavers.

Time course of the Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis and muscular ultrasound in critically ill patients.

Purpose: Several different tools have been developed to integrate the clinical and biochemical nutritional evaluations in critical care patients. Aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in the Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) and ultrasonographic features of the diaphragm (DTee) and rectus femoris (RFCSA) during the first week of ICU stay.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six adult mechanically ventilated patients enrolled within 24 h after the admission to the ICU (T1).

Electrolytes, albumin and acid base equilibrium during laparoscopic surgery.

Background: Surgery, causing inflammation, disrupts endothelial permeability leading to movement of fluids and albumin across the vascular barrier. Fluid therapy for restoring circulatory homeostasis may lead to positive fluid balance which has been shown to increase morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. The current investigation aims to describe physio-pathological changes in circulating albumin, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base equilibrium in a cohort of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia.

The assessment of esophageal pressure using different devices: a validation study.

Background: Although esophageal pressure measurement could help clinicians to improve the ventilatory management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, it has been mainly used in clinical research. Aim of this study was to compare the measurements of end-expiratory esophageal pressure, end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure and lung stress by three systems: a dedicated manual device, taken as gold standard, a new automatic system (Optivent) and a bedside equipment, consisting of a mechanical ventilator and a hemodynamic monitor.

Methods: In sedated and paralyzed mechanically ventilated ARDS patients the esophageal pressure was measured at three PEEP levels in random fashion (baseline level, 50% higher and 50% lower).

Oesophageal pressure and respiratory muscle ultrasonographic measurements indicate inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation.

Background: Bedside measures of patient effort are essential to properly titrate the level of pressure support ventilation. We investigated whether the tidal swing in oesophageal (ΔPes) and transdiaphragmatic pressure (ΔPdi), and ultrasonographic changes in diaphragm (TFdi) and parasternal intercostal (TFic) thickening are reliable estimates of respiratory effort. The effect of diaphragm dysfunction was also considered.

Calcium priming of the central venous catheter prevents a drop in ionized calcium concentration during Regional Citrate Anticoagulation.

During citrate-based Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), an infusion of calcium is necessary to replace the calcium lost in the effluent. The replacement takes place through a central venous catheter (CVC) that is primed with saline solution. Thus, we hypothesized a potential systemic anticoagulation caused by the unchelated citrate reaching the patient at the start of CRRT because of 0.