Rapid-onset cancer.

Human cancers are generally thought to develop over the course of decades. Such slow progression is well documented for a variety of cancers that we designate "slow-onset" cancers. "Rapid-onset" cancers, in contrast, can develop in a matter of months in humans or in as little as 9 days in mice.

Urinary Incontinence in Nulliparous Female Elite Athletes: A Mixed Methods Exploration.

Importance: Urinary incontinence (UI) occurs in 40-50% of nulliparous female elite athletes. However, causative factors, management, and perceptions of UI in this population are suboptimally understood.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) identify factors that precipitate UI in nulliparous female elite athletes and (2) explore management strategies for UI and its effect on sports performance and quality of life.

Invasive cancer and spontaneous regression two weeks after papillomavirus infection.

Development of invasive cancer in mammals is thought to require months or years after initial events such as mutation or viral infection. Rarely, invasive cancers regress spontaneously. We show that cancers can develop and regress on a timescale of weeks, not months or years.

Supporting Self-Management of Healthy Behaviors in Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension: The Supporting Self-Management of Healthy Behaviors Pilot Randomized Trial.

Key Points: Support programs for self-management are underutilized among people with CKD. Implementing a smartphone support tool for self-monitoring physical activity and BP was feasible among people with CKD and hypertension. Despite low digital health literacy, Supporting Self-Management of Healthy Behaviors was observed to be readily usable because of high levels of adherence and usability scores.

The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice.

Objective: Mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1 causes both primary and secondary infections of the larynx in immunocompromised mice. Understanding lateral and vertical transmission of papillomavirus to the larynx would benefit patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). To test the hypothesis that the larynx is uniquely vulnerable to papillomavirus infection, and to further develop a mouse model of RRP, we assessed whether immunocompetent mice were vulnerable to secondary or vertical laryngeal infection with MmuPV1.

Participant experiences in HIV cure-directed trial with an extended analytical treatment interruption in Philadelphia, United States.

Background: A feature of HIV cure trials is the need to interrupt treatment to test the efficacy of experimental interventions-a process known as analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs).

Objectives: We report the experiences of participants after they completed an extended ATI.

Methods: From April to November 2022, we conducted post-ATI in-depth interviews with BEAT2 clinical trial (NCT03588715) participants who stopped ART while receiving an immunotherapy regimen.

Preclinical Models of Laryngeal Papillomavirus Infection: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Laryngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and accounts for up to 25% of laryngeal cancers. Lack of satisfactory preclinical models is one reason that treatments for these diseases are limited. We sought to assess the literature describing preclinical models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection.

Drugs That Mimic Hypoxia Selectively Target EBV-Positive Gastric Cancer Cells.

Latent infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with lymphoid and epithelial cell cancers, including 10% of gastric carcinomas. We previously reported that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induces EBV's latent-to-lytic switch and identified several HIF-1α-stabilizing drugs that induce this viral reactivation. Here, we tested three classes of these drugs for preferential killing of the EBV-positive gastric cancer AGS-Akata cell line compared to its matched EBV-negative AGS control.

Impact of Stigma on Clinician Training for Opioid Use Disorder Care: A Qualitative Study in a Primary Care Learning Collaborative.

Purpose: We undertook a study to examine how stigma influences the uptake of training on medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in primary care academic programs.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study of 23 key stakeholders responsible for implementing MOUD training in their academic primary care training programs that were participants in a learning collaborative in 2018. We assessed barriers to and facilitators of successful program implementation and used an integrated approach to develop a codebook and analyze the data.

The use of a topical protease inhibitor, Saquinavir, to alleviate mouse papillomavirus-mediated anal disease.

Select protease inhibitors (PI) have been found to be effective in decreasing human papillomavirus oncoprotein expression. This study evaluated whether the topical PI, Saquinavir (SQV), promotes viral clearance in an infectious mouse model with Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1). NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice were anally infected with ∼4 × 10 viral genome equivalents of MmuPV1 and 120 days post-infection (when majority have high-grade anal dysplasia), began topical treatments: control (mock), 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) only, once weekly to promote carcinogenesis, 1% SQV only, daily (Monday - Friday), and SQV + DMBA.

A Novel In Vivo Model of Laryngeal Papillomavirus-Associated Disease Using Papillomavirus.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), caused by laryngeal infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses, has devastating effects on vocal communication and quality of life. Factors in RRP onset, other than viral presence in the airway, are poorly understood. RRP research has been stalled by limited preclinical models.

"A Catch-22": A Firsthand Account of Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Health Care During Reentry.

Although a history of incarceration is associated with poor long-term health status, the experience of seeking health care access during reentry is complex. Semistructured open-ended interviews were conducted among individuals with a recent history of incarceration ( = 20). The majority of participants were male (90%) and African American (80%).

Estrogen Receptor-α Suppresses Liver Carcinogenesis and Establishes Sex-Specific Gene Expression.

Estrogen protects females from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine whether this protection is mediated by classic estrogen receptors, we tested HCC susceptibility in estrogen receptor-deficient mice. In contrast to a previous study, we found that diethylnitrosamine induces hepatocarcinogenesis to a significantly greater extent when females lack , which encodes Estrogen Receptor-α.

Views From Patients With Cancer in the Setting of Unplanned Acute Care: Informing Approaches to Reduce Health Care Utilization.

Purpose: New oncology care delivery models that avoid preventable acute care are needed, yet it is unclear which interventions best meet the needs of patients and caregivers. Perspectives from patients who experienced unplanned acute care events may inform the successful development and implementation of care delivery models.

Methods: We performed a qualitative interview study of patients with solid tumors on active treatment who experienced the following 3 types of unplanned acute care events: emergency department visits, first hospitalizations, and multiple hospitalizations.

A Mouse Model of Oropharyngeal Papillomavirus-Induced Neoplasia Using Novel Tools for Infection and Nasal Anesthesia.

Human head and neck cancers that develop from the squamous cells of the oropharynx (Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas or OPSCC) are commonly associated with the papillomavirus infection. A papillomavirus infection-based mouse model of oropharyngeal tumorigenesis would be valuable for studying the development and treatment of these tumors. We have developed an efficient system using the mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) to generate dysplastic oropharyngeal lesions, including tumors, in the soft palate and the base of the tongue of two immune-deficient strains of mice.

Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Training Programs.

Drug overdose death rates from opioid use have risen steadily since 1999 and reached epidemic levels, slowing for the first time in 2018, though not for many forms of opioid use. Yet evidence-based approaches to combating OUD, such as medication-assisted treatment for OUD (MT-OUD), are still inaccessible to many. Primary care providers are well-positioned to offer these services; however, training and education in OUD care remains inadequate.

The human papillomavirus 16 E5 gene potentiates MmuPV1-Dependent pathogenesis.

The papillomavirus E5 gene contributes to transformation and tumorigenesis; however, its exact function in these processes and viral pathogenesis is unclear. While E5 is present in high-risk mucosotropic HPVs that cause anogenital and head and neck cancers, it is absent in cutaneous HPVs and the recently discovered mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1), which causes papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and mucosal epithelia in laboratory mice. We infected K14E5 transgenic mice, which express the high-risk mucosotropic HPV16 E5 gene in stratified epithelia, with MmuPV1 to investigate the effects of E5 on papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis.

Perspectives and Practice in the Identification and Treatment of Opioid Use, Alcohol Use, and Depressive Disorders.

Objective: Little research has focused on the treatment of adults with substance use disorders in primary care despite the high occurrence, morbidity, and mortality associated with these disorders.

Methods: An electronic survey was administered to primary care providers in a large health system to assess screening and treatment practices and comfort managing opioid use, alcohol use, and depressive disorders. A total of 146 providers completed the survey (32%).

Activating Mutations in Contribute to Anal Carcinogenesis in the Presence or Absence of HPV-16 Oncogenes.

Purpose: Over 95% of human anal cancers are etiologically associated with high-risk HPVs, with HPV type 16 (HPV16) the genotype most commonly found. Activating mutations in the catalytic subunit of Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate kinase (PI3K), encoded by the gene, are detected in approximately 20% of human anal cancers. We asked if common activating mutations in contribute to anal carcinogenesis using an established mouse model for anal carcinogenesis in which mice are topically treated with the chemical carcinogen 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA).

Conceptualizing restorative justice for people with mental illnesses leaving prison or jail.

Individuals with psychiatric disabilities who are involved in the criminal justice system face a number of challenges to community integration upon release. There is a critical need to develop and evaluate interventions for these individuals that connect them to the community by enhancing naturalistic social connections and helping them to participate meaningfully in valued roles. The purposes of this article are to describe, provide a theoretical rationale, and propose a conceptual model for the use of a particular restorative justice model, circles of support and accountability, to meet this need.

Leflunomide/teriflunomide inhibit Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- induced lymphoproliferative disease and lytic viral replication.

EBV infection causes mononucleosis and is associated with specific subsets of B cell lymphomas. Immunosuppressed patients such as organ transplant recipients are particularly susceptible to EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), which can be fatal. Leflunomide (a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis) and its active metabolite teriflunomide (used to treat multiple sclerosis) inhibit de novo pyrimidine synthesis by targeting the cellular dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thereby decreasing T cell proliferation.

Exploring Personal Medicine as Part of Self-Directed Care: Expanding Perspectives on Medical Necessity.

Objective: Self-directed care (SDC) offers flexibility in and control over mental health services. This study examined the types of goods and services that individuals with serious mental illness request in an SDC intervention.

Methods: Data were from a randomized controlled trial that enrolled adult participants receiving Medicaid-reimbursed services, with two years of expenditures at the 50%-90% level of all Medicaid enrollees in the county and no hospitalizations within six months of the study.

Genetic background determines if Stat5b suppresses or enhances murine hepatocarcinogenesis.

Murine hepatocarcinogenesis requires growth hormone (GH). To determine if the GH-responsive transcription factor STAT5b (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b) is also required, we compared the hepatic gene expression profiles of global Stat5b null mice to cancer-resistant mice mutant in the GH pathway-GH-deficient little and androgen receptor-null Tfm males. We found a high degree of overlap among Tfm, little, and Stat5b null males.

Identification of susceptibility loci in a mouse model of KRASG12D-driven pancreatic cancer.

Genetic background affects susceptibility to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the Ela-KRAS(G12D) mouse model. In this model, KRAS oncogene expression is driven by an elastase promoter in acinar cells of the pancreas on an FVB/NTac (FVB) background [FVB-Tg(Ela-KRAS(G12D))] with the transgene carried on the Y chromosome. Through linkage analysis of crosses between the C57BL/6J (B6), BALB/cJ (BALB), and DBA/2J (D2) inbred strains of mice and resistant FVB-Tg(Ela-KRAS(G12D)), we have identified six susceptibility loci that affect mean preinvasive lesion multiplicity.