Stress generation and exposure in a multi-wave study of adolescents: Transactional processes and sex differences.

Given considerable overlap among individual difference predictors of stress generation, the current study sought to elucidate which individual factors are uniquely involved in the stress generation process for interpersonal and achievement events among adolescents. Further, we examined transactional processes between stressors and depressive symptoms and explored potential sex differences in the unique prediction of stress generation. At baseline, youth (6-10 graders, n=350, 57% female; 53% White) reported on various individual differences hypothesized to predict prospective increases in stressors.

Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression.

Context: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be an effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but available data are limited.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of subcallosal cingulate DBS in patients with TRD with either major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar II disorder (BP).

Design: Open-label trial with a sham lead-in phase.

Association between 5-HTTLPR and Borderline Personality Disorder Traits among Youth.

This study provides the first genetic association examination of borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits in children and adolescents (ages 9-15) using two independent samples of youth recruited from the general community. We tested the a priori hypothesis that the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) would relate specifically to BPD traits in youth. This association was hypothesized based on prior genetic association research with BPD adults and theory positing that emotion dysregulation may be a core risk process contributing to BPD.

Developmental pathways to depressive symptoms in adolescence: a multi-wave prospective study of negative emotionality, stressors, and anxiety.

This study examined two potential developmental pathways through which the temperament risk factor of negative emotionality (NE) leads to prospective increases in depressive symptoms through the mediating role of stressors and anxious symptoms in a sample of early to middle adolescents (N = 350, 6th-10th graders). The primary hypothesized model was that baseline NE leads to increased stressors, which results in increases in anxious arousal, which culminates with elevated depressive symptoms. An alternate model hypothesized that baseline NE leads to increased anxious arousal, which results in increases in stressors, and this culminates in elevated depressive symptoms.