[Pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy].

Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic approaches, diabetes mellitus with chronic hyperglycemia remains as the main cause of new cases of blindness and chronic renal failure in the western hemisphere. We herein review the molecular mechanisms by which chronic hyperglycemia causes retinopathy and nephropathy in type I and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic retinopathy develops silently along years or decades, producing symptoms only in its very late stages.

Near-optimal glycemic control in Chilean women with pregestational type-2 diabetes: persistent macrosomia relates to maternal pre-pregnancy overweight.

Unlabelled: After a 10-year program intending to improve glycemic control in diabetic pregnancies, we evaluated whether factors underlying macrosomia are similar for type-1 and -2 pregestational diabetic women.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-three pregnancies in type-1 diabetics (PDM1, age 28.3+/-1.